Scientists at Northwestern University recently used the black holes in the binary system M33 X-7 to continuously eject a large number of X-rays and other mysterious features to deduce a completely new history of black hole formation. Its theory enriches the scientists ’ understanding. The report is published in the new issue of the British "Nature" magazine.
The binary system M33 X-7 is about 2.7 million light-years from the Earth and is located in the Triangulum galaxy. The mass of the black hole in the system is 15.7 solar masses, and its companion star is about 70 solar masses. In other binary systems with jet X-ray characteristics, the mass of the black hole is at most 10 times the mass of the solar mass.
The number of binary systems in the universe is actually very large, even not less than a single star, but M33 X-7 is not uncommon. After discovering it, researchers have tried to use the traditional X-ray binary system physical model to explain the characteristics of the M33 X-7 black hole. In the past, there were close binary stars that emit X-rays when the material flows, but existing models cannot describe the phenomenon that the black hole releases such a large amount of X-rays and rotates, the companion star of the black hole is relatively dark, and the close elliptical orbit between them.
The team led by Francesca Walsage of Northwestern University presented a new insight into the history of the formation of the black hole: a giant star (that is, a future black hole) orbiting a companion star every three days in a tight orbit ring. During this time, the giant star will burn hydrogen fuel. When the hydrogen is almost burned, it will become a "W star", which is characterized by a strong and wide emission line in the spectral line, and eventually exposes the helium core. The burning process is also the process of transferring mass. The companion star will get more mass and become the larger of the two. The original star begins to collapse, producing a black hole. The collapsed boosting force pulls the orbit into an ellipse. The newly generated black hole began to "revenge", absorbing stellar winds from its companion star, which caused the powerful X-rays to spray out.
This is a history of black hole formation that is very different from the past, but the Walsage team claims that it has been confirmed by the binary star evolution theory and the black hole formation theory. "Therefore, it makes us more convinced of our physical model and is ready to let it predict Other black hole systems that have not yet been discovered show their talents.
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