Nano-era (below)

Polymer/clay nanocomposites have achieved initial success in China. Chinese Academy of Sciences Chemical Engineering Institute of Engineering Plastics State Key Laboratory Qi Zongneng Researcher Polymer/clay nanocomposites refer to polymers used as matrix, clay as a dispersed phase, intercalation polymerization, melting The nanocomposites prepared by intercalation and other special processes are mainly composed of natural montmorillonite, which belongs to layered silicate, and is also called polymer/layered silicate nanocomposite. The basic unit structure of montmorillonite is about 1nm thick and about 100nm long. The nanocomposites prepared by intercalation polymerization process form a special “nano-mosaic” structure, similar to the organic polymer matrix. The layer of inorganic nano mosaic has excellent performance that the general plastic does not have, especially the gas barrier property and the melt viscosity drop abnormally.
In the late 1980s, Japan first invented a two-step method to prepare nylon-6/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Subsequently, Cornell University and the University of Pennsylvania carried out systematic theoretical research. In the United States, Nanocor was established in 1995 to begin industrial trials of polymer/clay nanocomposites. In 1993, the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences started a systematic study of polymer/clay nanocomposites under the support of the National Development Fund Committee, the “863” New Material Expert Committee, and the Ministry of Science and Technology. By the year 2000, it has successfully developed A series of polymer/clay nanocomposites based on amide, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, epoxy resin, silicone rubber, polyaniline, polyurethane, etc. applied for 13 patents, of which 8 were public patents, and 5 were authorized. item.
Polymer/clay nanocomposites containing a small amount of montmorillonite show superior overall properties compared to general composites, and therefore they are lighter than conventional filled composites. A good combination of properties, simple processing techniques and reasonable prices make polymer/clay nanocomposites packaged in various high-performance pipes, automotive and mechanical parts, electronic and electrical components, beer cans, meat and cheese products There are broad application prospects in the material market and other fields. Based on n-PA6 as engineering plastics, we also have high-performance n-PA6 film sections. This section is suitable for blow-molding and extrusion preparation of heat-shrinkable casing film, biaxially stretched film, biaxially stretched film, and one-way film. Stretch film and composite film. Compared with ordinary PA film, n-PA6 film has better barrier properties, mechanical properties and transparency, and thus is a better food packaging material.
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is used for fibers, bottles and films, and engineering plastics only account for 1.6% of the total. At present, the annual production capacity of domestic PET resin is 649,000 tons, so the development of engineering plastic PET has become the focus of attention.
Use of rice husk resources to produce nano-products Dr. Guo Yupeng of the College of Chemical Engineering of Jilin University China produces about 300 million tons of rice annually, which translates to about 60 million tons of rice hulls, accounting for more than 30% of the world's total production, ranking first in the world. According to theoretical calculation, each year, China can extract about 10 million tons of high-purity SiO2 from rice husk alone, and can produce 10 million tons of ultra-high specific surface area of ​​activated carbon, which is worth 20,000 yuan per ton and 10,000 yuan. It can also produce 30 million tons of nano-SiO2/C composite silicon carbon black material (of which the SiO2 particle size is 2 ~ 3nm). The extraction of woody mash is 25 million tons, worth 35 billion yuan. Unfortunately, at present, rice husk resources have not been used as a waste of agricultural waste.
We carried out a large number of systematic studies on the comprehensive utilization of rice husks. We used rice husks as raw materials to prepare nanoscale SiO2/C composite silicon carbon blacks. The combustion method was used to directly prepare nanoscale silicas and prepare nanoporous super-high ratios. A surface area activated carbon method, a method for preparing nano-scale silica from a washing liquid for preparing an ultra-high specific surface activated carbon, a method for recovering potassium carbonate from a washing solution, a method for preparing an activator by recycling nano-calcium carbonate from a washing solution, And the method of comprehensive utilization of rice husk combustion heat. Therefore, the method can be used to prepare superfine C/SiO2 composite silicon carbon black material, nano-scale SiO2, nano-porous ultra-high specific surface area activated carbon, nano-sized CaCO3, and wood vinegar liquor with strong biological activity function and physiological function.
Rice husk is agricultural waste and is a by-product of rice production. China is a large agricultural country, and rice production has increased year by year. The development of agriculture and the comprehensive use of agricultural and sideline products have always been the research and development direction supported by the country and are consistent with the national industrialization development policy. Comprehensive utilization of rice husk not only utilizes agricultural waste that pollutes the environment, but also makes full use of rice husk resources through comprehensive utilization.
The use of rice husk as raw material to prepare high specific surface activated carbon, and the specific surface of more than 3500m 2 /g of product, is a new type of super-adsorption material, which is 3 to 4 times the adsorption capacity of ordinary activated carbon. For the first time, a combination of physical and chemical processes is used to prepare nano-scale SiO2. Compared with common silica, raw materials are easily available, the price is low, and the process is simple and easy to industrialize. For the first time, a sub-micron C/SiO2 composite silicon carbon black material (in which the particle size of nano-SiO2 is 2 to 3 nm) is prepared by a continuous carbonization and pulverization method, which is a new type of rubber additive having a simple process, low cost, and superior performance. Has important application development prospects.
In short, the comprehensive design of the entire process is based on the use of rice husks as raw materials to organically produce nano-sized silica, ultra-high specific surface area activated carbon, and sub-micron C/SiO2 composites to achieve full use of the material and energy resources. And the use of combustion exhaust gas to carry out the carbonization reaction of the activating solution not only does not release harmful exhaust gas in the atmosphere, but also neutralizes the alkaline activating solution to make the waste water regenerate and use, so that the production line becomes a clean process production line and the enterprise becomes Non-polluting green enterprise.

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