Jinhua City is located in the central part of Zhejiang Province, which is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of the province. “The water passes through the South China Three Thousand Miles, the pressure is fourteen states of Jiangchengâ€, and the famous poet Li Qingzhao vividly summarizes Jinhua’s important position and majestic momentum. As an important hub city in Zhejiang, to improve the comprehensive economic strength, urban service functions and improve people's lives, to achieve new breakthroughs, to build an open city, to achieve international standards, the most important choice is to accelerate the construction of urban information.
Jinhua City Bus IC Card Charge Management System was officially opened in November 2003 with the support and assistance of the Ministry of Construction, Jinhua Municipal Government and Jinhua City Construction Bureau. It achieved zero breakthrough for Jinhua City's “one card†operation. A successful step for Jinhua City's information construction. At present, the whole system includes the IC card background management center, 15 card recharge points, 4 data collection points, and 38 line consumer terminals. At the first anniversary of the system's operation, the number of cards issued by the city reached more than 40,000, reaching 15% of the city's resident population, significantly improving the modern management level of the enterprise and providing scientific and accurate bus operation management for Jinhua City. Digital information, to obtain obvious social and economic benefits, but also lay the foundation for the city card.
Nowadays, the system has taken the first step of success. How to cultivate, standardize and develop the application and development of the city's "one card" in the city should first be standardized in the application and market of cultivating the city "one card"; Standardize the application of the city's “one card†and develop it in the market; thirdly, enhance the independent development and self-innovation ability in the application and market of the development “one card†of the city, and promote the development of related industries, thus making the city “one card†The application and the market promote each other, coordinate development together, and promote the rapid development of Jinhua City's informatization construction process.
I. Cultivate IC card “one card†application and market
China's IC card application started in 1994 and has been widely used in public transportation (including rail transit, taxis, etc.), gas, water supply, heating, residential property management, road and bridge tolls, parking lot management, and park attractions. As of April 2004, more than 100 cities have adopted the bus IC card application management system in the urban public transport sector, with nearly 30 million card issuances, and has developed into an industry-wide card. The application of IC cards in the fields of water supply, gas, etc. has begun to take shape. More than 300 cities have implemented IC card applications in the water supply and gas fields. The cumulative number of IC card sets has reached more than 4.5 million, and the number of cards issued has reached 600. Tens of thousands. The potential of IC card application and market in China is very great. How to make the potential application market become a reality through cultivation is still an important task in the future. From the perspective of global development, since 1987, the IC card market has grown by an average of 45% per year for more than 10 years. The market sales increased from 18 million US dollars in 1987 to 400 million US dollars in 1997; The global IC card market can reach 1.1 billion US dollars. According to one estimate, the demand for memory and IC cards using microcontrollers is the largest, and the total demand will increase from 544 million in 1995 to 3.4 billion in 2001, with 1.2 billion IC cards for microcontrollers.
Today, Jinhua City has a huge potential market for the application of bus IC card Jinhua based on the city “one cardâ€. Taking population management as an example, Jinhua is a densely populated city. If one card is issued per person, the amount will be 600,000. In addition, Jinhua IC City “One Card†only opened the bus IC card charging management system, and many application areas are being developed or not yet developed, such as taxi management, government canteens, supermarkets, gas stations, medical and pension insurance, etc. In the initial stage, there is great development prospects. As for the application of IC cards in e-commerce, it has not yet been developed, which is a new market worthy of attention and cultivation. In short, due to the current situation in Jinhua City, the application of IC cards can be widely extended, and the market demand is large.
From a technical point of view, the following development trends should be noted in the process of cultivating the Jinhua market:
1. From the CPU card to the direction of data functions with large storage capacity. At present, the Jinhua CPU card can only store the relevant information of the card, and cannot store the relevant card recharge data.
As the application requirements increase, the CPU card with the storage data function is of great significance to the security of the system.
2. The non-contact IC card is switched to the contact type composite card. At present, non-contact IC cards cannot be applied to some current industry applications. Although non-contact IC cards have become the mainstream of smart card development in the world, it is very suitable for subways, bus fares, etc., but also for supermarkets and some financial sectors. The non-contact IC card is not implemented. According to the current situation, the next generation of the most promising IC card is a contact and contactless composite card. It can provide contact applications for multi-purpose applications that require special flexibility. And there are non-contact application functions, providing customers with a very flexible choice.
3. Higher and higher requirements for the security of IC cards. Applications such as financial IC cards and personal identification cards require IC cards to be highly secure and require applications to be loaded and used in a secure environment. On the one hand, the IC card itself is required to have high security. The DES encryption algorithm and the encryption card with 512-bit or 1024-bit public key computing capability can meet the security requirements of different security levels. On the other hand, the IC card security management and key should be strengthened. Management is especially important.
4, one card multi-use is the general direction of IC card development. In order to facilitate people's use, at the same time standardize the application market and improve the application level, China needs to introduce an IC card for multi-purpose or multi-card use under unified planning and management.
Second, standardize the application and market of IC card "one card"
At present, the application of “one card†in Jinhua IC City is still in its infancy, and it is necessary to strengthen management, plan overall, standardize application and make it develop healthily while cultivating its application and market.
At present, there are major problems in the application and market of Jinhua IC City “one cardâ€: Jinhua City has not implemented the “one card†application plan of IC cities in the industry and regions. The relevant management, planning and related technical standards are lagging behind, resulting in the expansion of “one card†in the city. Not getting better development, so that the industry has not enough understanding of the convenience brought by IC card interoperability, resulting in a large number of consumer cards, not common, and the spam card is a waste of resources, but also brought to people Many inconveniences have affected the promotion and application;
In response to this problem, Jinhua City can take some measures to regulate the application and market of the IC card in the IC city, regulate the market and corporate behavior, and make the IC city "one card" application healthy and orderly development. These measures include:
1. The General Office of the State Council issued the "Notice on Strengthening the Management of Integrated Circuit Cards" in July 1997, comprehensively and accurately analyzed the status quo of IC card industry and application in China, pointed out the existing problems, and emphasized the production of IC cards in China. The application should be planned as a whole, and comprehensive requirements and regulations should be made in strengthening the management of IC card production, clearing and rectifying the IC card market, and improving the independent design and development capabilities of the chip. This is a very important document for the Chinese government to strengthen the will of the government in the application of IC cards and guide the healthy development of industry and applications.
2. In order to implement the spirit of the above-mentioned documents, the National Gold Card Engineering Office put forward relevant suggestions and opinions, and has done a lot of work, including: 1 Formulating the National IC Card Application Development Plan (Draft for Comment), which will be released this year. ; 2 drafted the "IC Card Management Regulations" and "IC Card Registration Management Measures" and issued the registration certificate for the first batch of approved and approved units according to the "IC Card Registration Management Measures"; 3 prepared a national IC card quality testing center, formulated Relevant technical standards and regulations; 4 will be seriously studied with the relevant departments of the State Planning Commission Price Department, and form a preliminary opinion on the specification of IC card prices and card issuance behaviors, which will be released this year after being submitted to the National Gold Card Project Coordination Leading Group for approval; 5 IC card chip design has made a breakthrough, the development of the chip operating system COS provides strong support for IC card applications, ending the situation of relying solely on imports.
3. In December 1997, the People's Bank of China promulgated the "China Financial Basic Circuit Card Specification"; in the second half of 1998, the financial IC card terminal specification was introduced, and a testing and certification center was established to ensure that cards and terminals strictly comply with the requirements of the regulations, indicating China. IC card applications are moving towards standardization and standardization. At the same time, the People's Bank of China also decided to jointly pilot three cities in Beijing, Shanghai and Changsha. Financial IC cards are issued by different regions and banks, and can be used interchangeably across industries and regions across different regions of the country. IC card applications have entered a higher level.
4. In order to make the application of “one card†in IC city have rules to follow and law to follow, the Ministry of Construction has successively promulgated standards such as “Application Technology for IC Cards in Construction Enterprises†and compiled the “10th Five-Year†Development of IC Cards for Construction Enterprises. planning". Through these efforts, the development of IC card “one card†application has been vigorously promoted. In order to speed up the construction of informationization process, use information and other high-tech to transform and upgrade the construction industry, and cultivate new economic growth points in the construction field, thus achieving full implementation. Implement the strategic goal of “leading the industrialization with informationization, exerting the advantages of the latter, and realizing the leap-forward development of social productivity†proposed by the CPC Central Committee.
Third, the development of IC city "one card" application and market
In the process of promoting the healthy and orderly development of the “one card†application in IC cities, Jinhua City pays attention to doing some work: such as overall planning, to achieve multi-use or card interoperability in the same industry, to prevent random card issuance and spam. After the conditions are mature, efforts should be made to break the division of the department and regional boundaries, so that one card can be used across industries and regions, or cards issued in different industries and regions can be interoperable across industries and regions; formulate corresponding application standards and norms. To create a good environment for one card multi-use or card cartoon; correctly handle the distribution of interests of various regions and departments. In accordance with the principles of the socialist market economy, joint investment, market operation, and benefit sharing; put forward some higher requirements for security, and carefully study the IC card key technology and key management system during the implementation process. In order to develop IC card applications and markets, the current application areas are:
1. Payment field. The payment function of the IC card has been widely used in finance, communication, and urban transportation. In order to develop a payment-capable IC card into a real electronic currency, the country is planning to break the boundaries between the financial and non-financial sectors and issue an IC card that can be used in all payment fields. At present, the "China Financial IC Card Specification" has been launched, and the financial IC card will be promoted and used throughout the country. It has both an electronic wallet function and an electronic passbook function; it is issued by various regions and banks, and can be distributed in different regions of the country. Inter-bank interoperability; it can be used for both commercial consumption and cash payment, etc. It is very convenient to use. In the future, financial IC cards may develop into a general-purpose electronic currency, which can be used in all payment fields such as transportation, fueling, and utility charges. This is an effective way to regulate the application of IC cards with payment functions.
2. The field of personal identification. IC card applications such as population-related social security cards and population smart cards/ID cards should be unified into one card under the overall planning of the relevant state departments to facilitate people's use.
3. The field of unit identification. Starting from the goal of one card of each legal person institution, the organization IC card code certificate, industrial and commercial administrative registration IC card, bank loan card card, etc. related to the organization will be unified into one enterprise identification card, and its market prospects are also Very optimistic.
Fourth, the meaning of IC city "one card" system construction
Jinhua City has opened the IC city "one card" in the bus IC card charge management system, has the following meanings:
1. Improve the overall management level of the city and introduce a non-cash settlement method represented by the card.
2. Strengthen internal management of relevant departments to improve their economic and social benefits;
3. Solve the problem of charging represented by public transportation, use high-tech means to collect the original data of each application industry in a timely, accurate and complete manner, and conduct summarization and analysis so as to grasp the market operation dynamics in time and provide scientific management for the macro-control market. Decision basis
4. Realize the informationization, scientific and standardization of industry management;
5. To reduce cash flow. To create conditions for electronic currency transactions.
Conclusion
The “One Card†project of IC City in Jinhua City was built into a modern information management system with a single IC card as a means of recharging card payment, a unified backbone communication network as a link, and a computer system as an information processing method. Realize the clearing and settlement of the charging data. On the one hand, it is convenient for the public to pay a number of fees for one card, which is common throughout the city; on the other hand, the system will accurately collect and pay for the operation and payment of various industries, and guarantee each Industry interests, improve work efficiency and service efficiency in various industries, and ultimately provide scientific decision support systems and modern management methods for urban macro-control and urban construction; at the same time, we must cultivate, standardize and develop the application of “one card†in urban areas of our city. Further standardize with development, develop in the norm, enhance the ability of independent development and self-innovation, and drive related industries to jointly develop IC city “one cardâ€, so that the application and market of Jinhua IC city “one card†mutually promote and coordinate Development, promote paperless "green consumption", promote the rapid development of Jinhua city spiritual civilization construction and information industry construction.
Jinhua City Bus IC Card Charge Management System was officially opened in November 2003 with the support and assistance of the Ministry of Construction, Jinhua Municipal Government and Jinhua City Construction Bureau. It achieved zero breakthrough for Jinhua City's “one card†operation. A successful step for Jinhua City's information construction. At present, the whole system includes the IC card background management center, 15 card recharge points, 4 data collection points, and 38 line consumer terminals. At the first anniversary of the system's operation, the number of cards issued by the city reached more than 40,000, reaching 15% of the city's resident population, significantly improving the modern management level of the enterprise and providing scientific and accurate bus operation management for Jinhua City. Digital information, to obtain obvious social and economic benefits, but also lay the foundation for the city card.
Nowadays, the system has taken the first step of success. How to cultivate, standardize and develop the application and development of the city's "one card" in the city should first be standardized in the application and market of cultivating the city "one card"; Standardize the application of the city's “one card†and develop it in the market; thirdly, enhance the independent development and self-innovation ability in the application and market of the development “one card†of the city, and promote the development of related industries, thus making the city “one card†The application and the market promote each other, coordinate development together, and promote the rapid development of Jinhua City's informatization construction process.
I. Cultivate IC card “one card†application and market
China's IC card application started in 1994 and has been widely used in public transportation (including rail transit, taxis, etc.), gas, water supply, heating, residential property management, road and bridge tolls, parking lot management, and park attractions. As of April 2004, more than 100 cities have adopted the bus IC card application management system in the urban public transport sector, with nearly 30 million card issuances, and has developed into an industry-wide card. The application of IC cards in the fields of water supply, gas, etc. has begun to take shape. More than 300 cities have implemented IC card applications in the water supply and gas fields. The cumulative number of IC card sets has reached more than 4.5 million, and the number of cards issued has reached 600. Tens of thousands. The potential of IC card application and market in China is very great. How to make the potential application market become a reality through cultivation is still an important task in the future. From the perspective of global development, since 1987, the IC card market has grown by an average of 45% per year for more than 10 years. The market sales increased from 18 million US dollars in 1987 to 400 million US dollars in 1997; The global IC card market can reach 1.1 billion US dollars. According to one estimate, the demand for memory and IC cards using microcontrollers is the largest, and the total demand will increase from 544 million in 1995 to 3.4 billion in 2001, with 1.2 billion IC cards for microcontrollers.
Today, Jinhua City has a huge potential market for the application of bus IC card Jinhua based on the city “one cardâ€. Taking population management as an example, Jinhua is a densely populated city. If one card is issued per person, the amount will be 600,000. In addition, Jinhua IC City “One Card†only opened the bus IC card charging management system, and many application areas are being developed or not yet developed, such as taxi management, government canteens, supermarkets, gas stations, medical and pension insurance, etc. In the initial stage, there is great development prospects. As for the application of IC cards in e-commerce, it has not yet been developed, which is a new market worthy of attention and cultivation. In short, due to the current situation in Jinhua City, the application of IC cards can be widely extended, and the market demand is large.
From a technical point of view, the following development trends should be noted in the process of cultivating the Jinhua market:
1. From the CPU card to the direction of data functions with large storage capacity. At present, the Jinhua CPU card can only store the relevant information of the card, and cannot store the relevant card recharge data.
As the application requirements increase, the CPU card with the storage data function is of great significance to the security of the system.
2. The non-contact IC card is switched to the contact type composite card. At present, non-contact IC cards cannot be applied to some current industry applications. Although non-contact IC cards have become the mainstream of smart card development in the world, it is very suitable for subways, bus fares, etc., but also for supermarkets and some financial sectors. The non-contact IC card is not implemented. According to the current situation, the next generation of the most promising IC card is a contact and contactless composite card. It can provide contact applications for multi-purpose applications that require special flexibility. And there are non-contact application functions, providing customers with a very flexible choice.
3. Higher and higher requirements for the security of IC cards. Applications such as financial IC cards and personal identification cards require IC cards to be highly secure and require applications to be loaded and used in a secure environment. On the one hand, the IC card itself is required to have high security. The DES encryption algorithm and the encryption card with 512-bit or 1024-bit public key computing capability can meet the security requirements of different security levels. On the other hand, the IC card security management and key should be strengthened. Management is especially important.
4, one card multi-use is the general direction of IC card development. In order to facilitate people's use, at the same time standardize the application market and improve the application level, China needs to introduce an IC card for multi-purpose or multi-card use under unified planning and management.
Second, standardize the application and market of IC card "one card"
At present, the application of “one card†in Jinhua IC City is still in its infancy, and it is necessary to strengthen management, plan overall, standardize application and make it develop healthily while cultivating its application and market.
At present, there are major problems in the application and market of Jinhua IC City “one cardâ€: Jinhua City has not implemented the “one card†application plan of IC cities in the industry and regions. The relevant management, planning and related technical standards are lagging behind, resulting in the expansion of “one card†in the city. Not getting better development, so that the industry has not enough understanding of the convenience brought by IC card interoperability, resulting in a large number of consumer cards, not common, and the spam card is a waste of resources, but also brought to people Many inconveniences have affected the promotion and application;
In response to this problem, Jinhua City can take some measures to regulate the application and market of the IC card in the IC city, regulate the market and corporate behavior, and make the IC city "one card" application healthy and orderly development. These measures include:
1. The General Office of the State Council issued the "Notice on Strengthening the Management of Integrated Circuit Cards" in July 1997, comprehensively and accurately analyzed the status quo of IC card industry and application in China, pointed out the existing problems, and emphasized the production of IC cards in China. The application should be planned as a whole, and comprehensive requirements and regulations should be made in strengthening the management of IC card production, clearing and rectifying the IC card market, and improving the independent design and development capabilities of the chip. This is a very important document for the Chinese government to strengthen the will of the government in the application of IC cards and guide the healthy development of industry and applications.
2. In order to implement the spirit of the above-mentioned documents, the National Gold Card Engineering Office put forward relevant suggestions and opinions, and has done a lot of work, including: 1 Formulating the National IC Card Application Development Plan (Draft for Comment), which will be released this year. ; 2 drafted the "IC Card Management Regulations" and "IC Card Registration Management Measures" and issued the registration certificate for the first batch of approved and approved units according to the "IC Card Registration Management Measures"; 3 prepared a national IC card quality testing center, formulated Relevant technical standards and regulations; 4 will be seriously studied with the relevant departments of the State Planning Commission Price Department, and form a preliminary opinion on the specification of IC card prices and card issuance behaviors, which will be released this year after being submitted to the National Gold Card Project Coordination Leading Group for approval; 5 IC card chip design has made a breakthrough, the development of the chip operating system COS provides strong support for IC card applications, ending the situation of relying solely on imports.
3. In December 1997, the People's Bank of China promulgated the "China Financial Basic Circuit Card Specification"; in the second half of 1998, the financial IC card terminal specification was introduced, and a testing and certification center was established to ensure that cards and terminals strictly comply with the requirements of the regulations, indicating China. IC card applications are moving towards standardization and standardization. At the same time, the People's Bank of China also decided to jointly pilot three cities in Beijing, Shanghai and Changsha. Financial IC cards are issued by different regions and banks, and can be used interchangeably across industries and regions across different regions of the country. IC card applications have entered a higher level.
4. In order to make the application of “one card†in IC city have rules to follow and law to follow, the Ministry of Construction has successively promulgated standards such as “Application Technology for IC Cards in Construction Enterprises†and compiled the “10th Five-Year†Development of IC Cards for Construction Enterprises. planning". Through these efforts, the development of IC card “one card†application has been vigorously promoted. In order to speed up the construction of informationization process, use information and other high-tech to transform and upgrade the construction industry, and cultivate new economic growth points in the construction field, thus achieving full implementation. Implement the strategic goal of “leading the industrialization with informationization, exerting the advantages of the latter, and realizing the leap-forward development of social productivity†proposed by the CPC Central Committee.
Third, the development of IC city "one card" application and market
In the process of promoting the healthy and orderly development of the “one card†application in IC cities, Jinhua City pays attention to doing some work: such as overall planning, to achieve multi-use or card interoperability in the same industry, to prevent random card issuance and spam. After the conditions are mature, efforts should be made to break the division of the department and regional boundaries, so that one card can be used across industries and regions, or cards issued in different industries and regions can be interoperable across industries and regions; formulate corresponding application standards and norms. To create a good environment for one card multi-use or card cartoon; correctly handle the distribution of interests of various regions and departments. In accordance with the principles of the socialist market economy, joint investment, market operation, and benefit sharing; put forward some higher requirements for security, and carefully study the IC card key technology and key management system during the implementation process. In order to develop IC card applications and markets, the current application areas are:
1. Payment field. The payment function of the IC card has been widely used in finance, communication, and urban transportation. In order to develop a payment-capable IC card into a real electronic currency, the country is planning to break the boundaries between the financial and non-financial sectors and issue an IC card that can be used in all payment fields. At present, the "China Financial IC Card Specification" has been launched, and the financial IC card will be promoted and used throughout the country. It has both an electronic wallet function and an electronic passbook function; it is issued by various regions and banks, and can be distributed in different regions of the country. Inter-bank interoperability; it can be used for both commercial consumption and cash payment, etc. It is very convenient to use. In the future, financial IC cards may develop into a general-purpose electronic currency, which can be used in all payment fields such as transportation, fueling, and utility charges. This is an effective way to regulate the application of IC cards with payment functions.
2. The field of personal identification. IC card applications such as population-related social security cards and population smart cards/ID cards should be unified into one card under the overall planning of the relevant state departments to facilitate people's use.
3. The field of unit identification. Starting from the goal of one card of each legal person institution, the organization IC card code certificate, industrial and commercial administrative registration IC card, bank loan card card, etc. related to the organization will be unified into one enterprise identification card, and its market prospects are also Very optimistic.
Fourth, the meaning of IC city "one card" system construction
Jinhua City has opened the IC city "one card" in the bus IC card charge management system, has the following meanings:
1. Improve the overall management level of the city and introduce a non-cash settlement method represented by the card.
2. Strengthen internal management of relevant departments to improve their economic and social benefits;
3. Solve the problem of charging represented by public transportation, use high-tech means to collect the original data of each application industry in a timely, accurate and complete manner, and conduct summarization and analysis so as to grasp the market operation dynamics in time and provide scientific management for the macro-control market. Decision basis
4. Realize the informationization, scientific and standardization of industry management;
5. To reduce cash flow. To create conditions for electronic currency transactions.
Conclusion
The “One Card†project of IC City in Jinhua City was built into a modern information management system with a single IC card as a means of recharging card payment, a unified backbone communication network as a link, and a computer system as an information processing method. Realize the clearing and settlement of the charging data. On the one hand, it is convenient for the public to pay a number of fees for one card, which is common throughout the city; on the other hand, the system will accurately collect and pay for the operation and payment of various industries, and guarantee each Industry interests, improve work efficiency and service efficiency in various industries, and ultimately provide scientific decision support systems and modern management methods for urban macro-control and urban construction; at the same time, we must cultivate, standardize and develop the application of “one card†in urban areas of our city. Further standardize with development, develop in the norm, enhance the ability of independent development and self-innovation, and drive related industries to jointly develop IC city “one cardâ€, so that the application and market of Jinhua IC city “one card†mutually promote and coordinate Development, promote paperless "green consumption", promote the rapid development of Jinhua city spiritual civilization construction and information industry construction.
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