The shape of the hardcover book core is divided into several types such as round back ridges, round back no ridges, square backs, and loose-fitting sleeves. Due to the different shapes of the book blocks, the processing method and process flow are also different. The processing of various book blocks is as follows.

The process of processing a round back with a spine book block;

Flattening → Brushing → Drying → Cutting → Rounding → Rising of the spine → Brushing → Sticky gauze → Sticky plug cloth, backing paper → Drying

The processing process of the backless backless book block is exactly the same as that of the back back spine book block, but the ridge processing process is omitted. The processing of square-backed book cores eliminates the two processes of winding and ridges.

If it is a loose-covered book block, it must be tampered with and dried after being flattened, and then be processed in accordance with the back-back no-corner book block.

First, flattening

Flattening is the process of pressing a book block that has been locked into a book. Flattening is performed on a dedicated flattener. After the book block is flattened, the thickness of the book block is the same as that of the back of the book. The thickness of the whole book is thinner than the original, and it is smooth and strong, which lays a solid foundation for the brushing and drying processes of the back of the book.

China's self-designed and produced book presses have YP-01 type, YP-02 type and YP type. YP-01 type and YP-02 type are semi-automatic machines used alone, the structure is relatively simple, mainly composed of the frame, transmission and flattening parts. By manually inserting the lined book block into the flattened part of the machine, press the spine part of the book block first, and then press the entire book block.

YP type book block press is a multi-station automatic machine, which is mainly used for automatic assembly of books in addition to the single use. The flattening of the book block is performed through books (I station), three pressure ridges (II-IV station), and book block presses (V-VI station) several stations from station II to station VII The pressure is gradually increasing.

Figure 6-5 shows the process flow of the YP book block press.
1- Feed Belt 2-Distribution Baffle Block 3-Baffle 4-Acceleration Conveyor Belt 5- Positioning Platform 6- Dial Core 7- Feed Chain 8- Pressure Ridge Bar 9- Conveyor Belt 1 0- Press Plate Main Performance YP- 01, YP-02 YP pressure rating 20t about 40t
Maximum pressure area 500mm × 300mm 64 open ~ 16 open book thickness 1 or more 6 ~ 75mm
Production capacity 10 times/min 18~36 beats/min

Second, brush gum

After the flattened book block is first brushed, its function is to preliminarily shape the book block under the premise of maintaining the plasticity and flexibility of the back of the book. The book block and the back of the book become a solid whole, and the book blocks do not move with each other during processing for the next process, maintain the shape of the back of the book, and improve the fastness and durability of the book.

The book block brush can be manually brushed and mechanically brushed.

Hand brush glue. In small-batch production, the number of pressed book blocks is bundled together, and a thin layer of glue is brushed in the gap between the posts on the back of the book.
Mechanical play glue. At present, China's production of plastic brush dryer are a single gluing, forced drying. For example, the SJ-type brush glue dryer is composed of a dispensing mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a gluing mechanism, a drying tank, a book setting mechanism, a book delivery device, and an electrical appliance control device. In the production line, it receives the book block sent from the YP-type book block press. After the book is divided and sent, it completes the brushing and drying of the book back, and finally it is sent to the ridge press machine. When the machine is used alone, Only the glue drying of the book block is completed, and the stacked book blocks are stacked and put into use after being output.

SJ-type glue dryer drying process as shown in sentence 6-6. When gluing, the book is placed in a horizontal orientation with its back facing downwards and is moved forward by the clamp. When the book block enters the gluing mechanism, the gluing roller and the brush roller move repeatedly along the book camp to evenly brush the glue from the middle of the back of the book block to the two ends. The book block advances intermittently and the drying trough under the back of the book continuously blows hot air to the back of the book to dry the back of the book. In order to make the book back after the glue, but also in the book when the book back with a deformation, the book back glue can not dry too dry, but it can not be dry, so as not to ridge when the glue layer was broken.

SJ-type glue brush dryer can process 64 to 16 open format, processing thickness of 6 ~ 75mm, production capacity of 18 ~ 36/min.

Third, cutting

The hardcover book core is brushed; after it is substantially dry, it can be cut with a single-side cutter or a three-side cutter, according to the open size of the book.

Fourth, round

After being trimmed on three sides, the back of the book block is made into an arc shape, which becomes the processing of the round back hardcover book block, which is called a round circle.

All the signatures and even book pages of the rounded book block are evenly displaced from each other by a small distance, so that the front edge of the book block and the crease at the mouth of the meter become a uniform semicircle, so that the book back is thickened due to the lock line. The solution was solved at the convex back of the circle, balanced the thickness of the book back and cut at the book block, and changed the shape of the book block. The round-backed book cores are easy to read through the stands, and at the same time, they provide convenience for the connection between the book cover and the book block, and enhance the connection fastness.

Rounding is generally done mechanically. The machine used for rounding is called a rounding machine.

Mechanical rounding is the use of a rounding machine to automatically complete the "round up" and "ridge up" operations. At present, China has produced various forms of rounding and ridge raising machines that can be used alone or incorporated into the production line. The working principle of mechanical rounding is rounding and rounding.

1. Round the circle. The working principle of rounding is shown in Figure 6-7a.

In the figure, 1 is the book block, 4 is the splint, 2 is the die, and 3 is the bottom die. When punching, the die 2 presses down towards the book block, in the die
2 and the bottom touch 3, the book block is out of the arc. Control the position of the die movement or according to different arc requirements, replace the die and the bottom die to obtain the book back with different curvature.

2.扒 round. The working principle of the circle is shown in Figure 6-7b and C. When it is round, two rolling rollers 5 are used simultaneously from both sides of the book block. The pressure is clamped tightly, and then the roller is rotated at the same time as the arrow shown in the figure. The book block is moved downward by the action of the roller. The line speed of the middle of the book block is greater than the outside speed of the paper. The linear speed of the book was rounded off into a circular arc. The size of the radian is related to the size and rotation angle of the roller pressure.

Compared with the rounding method, a round symmetrically rounded book back can be obtained in a shorter period of time (about 40 to 50 turns/min. of a round roll). Therefore, this rounding method has been widely used in today's circular equipment.

Fifth, from the ridge

The ridges are processed at the joints between the back of the book block and the ring lining. The process of forming the grooves is called ridge raising. The ridge is also a kind of book block processing method for preventing the book block from being warped after being rounded.

The purpose of starting the ridge is to compact the back of the book and knead the rounded spine; through the raised ridges on both sides, the shape of the circular arc formed by the round can be ensured. On the one hand, stereotypes are created, and on the other hand, the appearance of the book is also beautified. . In addition, a clear groove can be pressed along the raised ridge to make the book case easy to open and close. When reading the pages, the elasticity of the paper against the back and the glue layer can be reduced.
It also increases the fastness of the book block.

There are two kinds of ridge processing methods. One is manual ridges, and the other is mechanical ridges.

Hand ridges, often referred to as ridges. After clamping the rounded book block, use a wooden or iron skirt to evenly hit the back of the book to make it rise. Manual ridges are labor-intensive and have low efficacy and are not suitable for mass production. The book block is ridged above 120 pages and the ridge is higher than the thickness of the cover board, approximately 2 to 3 mm.

Mechanical ridges. Rising is generally performed in conjunction with the rolling process and is an integral part of the binding line for the hardcover book block processing. There are two ways to mechanically raise the spine. One is to use a roller to grind out the spine, which is called a roller ridge; the other is to use a spine to ridge.

1. Roller ridges. Roller ridges are divided into single-roller and double-roller ridges. Their working principle is as follows:
1,2- Clip 3 - Ridged Roller

When ridged, the book block clamps the book block firmly from both sides, and the ridge roller 3 presses the back of the book upwardly with the pressure of P2 while swinging the book spine left and right. In Figure 6-8, a is a single-roller ridge with a large swing angle, b is a double-roller ridge, and the same working angle is only half that of a single-roller.

This kind of ridge way, in addition to a certain degree of rubbing and deformation in the process of the ridge, in fact, each booklet is also slightly opened, so the shaping effect is not very satisfactory.

2. The ridges rise. The principle of raising the ridge is shown in Figure 6-9.

When ridged, the book block is clamped by the book blocks 1, 2 and the spine block 3 presses the back of the book with the pressure of p2 and swings to both sides. The back of the book is basically deformed by squeezing from the spine, instead of being ridged by the spine. The effect of this kind of ridge method is better than that of the roller method. However, in order to meet the requirements of various book block sizes, it is necessary to prepare a considerable number of different sizes of ridge blocks, which is an inadequacy of the spine extrusion method.

The machine used to pick up the ridges is called a rounding ridge. The machine can be used as a stand-alone machine or it can be used in a hardcover production line. At present, the fully automatic rounding and ridging machine produced in China has the BY type. The process flow of the ridges and ridges is shown in Figure 6-10.

In the figure, a is the work station. The book is back up and clamped by a book holder to enter the conveyor track. b is a rounding station, and the rounding is performed using a counter-rotating roller. c. As a ridge station, raise the spine and press down on the well. d is a book delivery station, and the books that have been completed by the spine are sent by the publishing institution.

The maximum processing width of the scalloping machine is 16 to 64 open, the processing thickness is 6 to 75 mm, and the production efficiency is 18 to 36 beats/min.