On Green Packaging in International Trade and China's Countermeasures (2)

Third, China's current difficulties in implementing green packaging

1. The industrial structure of the packaging industry is not reasonable. From 1980 to 1993, the number of packaging enterprises above the county level in China has increased from 2,600 to 11,033, of which large enterprises have grown to nearly 400. Therefore, as a whole, there is a phenomenon of small scale, poor quality, and low efficiency in the packaging industry. Most enterprises have poor production and operation management, poor product quality, and low level of comprehensive utilization of resources. They can compete with similar international industries and have economies of scale. The large and medium-sized enterprises are not enough to support the development of the entire industry, so that the packaging materials and packaging products have not reached the scale of production, the consequences of which is that the total amount of packaging and waste is not small, but for a given product, The performance is very different, the quantity is scattered, and it causes great difficulties for waste disposal.

2. The technical structure of the packaging industry is irrational. The performance is as follows: (1) Gradient gradient of technology is unreasonable. In general, a reasonable gradient in accordance with China's national conditions should be a relatively large proportion of intermediate technologies, with the proportion of primary technology being the smallest, and the proportion of advanced technologies being in the middle. However, there are still 10%-20% of China's packaging companies whose technology is quite backward. At present, only about 30% of packaging enterprises in China can reach the level of national packaging companies from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. Therefore, the low level of technology in the packaging industry has led to the growth mode of China's packaging industry is still relying on the expansion of the expansion of production (ie, extensive growth mode) rather than relying on technological progress and improve labor productivity to promote. (2) Uneven technology distribution The technical foundation of the packaging industry consists of three major components: packaging materials processing technology, packaging machinery manufacturing technology and packaging containers. At present, the technical strength of the packaging industry is mainly concentrated on the production of packaging containers, while the technical measures for packaging materials and packaging machinery only hope to solve the general raw material production of cancer doors and general machinery production departments to solve, this situation is more and more Can not adapt to the development of packaging industry technology.

3, the technology development capability of the packaging industry is weak. Due to the serious shortage of scientific and technological talents in China's packaging industry, the investment in capital is also relatively inadequate, thus forming a weak technical development capability in the industry. According to incomplete statistics, the proportion of professional technicians in the packaging industry is only about 2%, which is much lower than the average level of 6.8% in the national industry. Therefore, the talent issue has become one of the key factors in the development of this industry. There are still three-quarters of enterprises in the industry that have not undergone technological transformation, especially for large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises and insufficient investment in basic, high-grade, and wide-ranging products, which restricts the development of the industry to a considerable extent. Moreover, due to the weak capability of scientific and technological development in the packaging industry and the dispersion of power, the function of mutual cooperation is difficult to play, resulting in a large number of scientific and technological achievements failing to be applied to the peace of packaging.

4. The regulations on the disposal of packaging waste are extremely backward in the formulation and implementation. From the 1980s to the present, various departments such as scientific research, production, transportation, storage, circulation, and use of environmental protection, labor, foreign trade, commodity inspection, packaging materials, and containers have been working on the disposal of packaging wastes. However, so far, We have not formulated laws and regulations concerning the disposal of extremely waste in accordance with the national conditions in China. This status quo also restricts China's implementation of the relevant provisions of green packaging to a certain extent, will ignore the green packaging in production, and once the goods are pushed to the international market competition will find their products on the packaging is extremely unfavorable status. At the same time, some foreign countries that do not have enough green standards for packaging will also take the opportunity to enter China because of the lack of corresponding packaging laws in China, which will in turn cause harm to consumers and the ecological environment in China.

Fourth, the establishment of China's green packaging system measures analysis

Environmental regulations in Europe and the United States and other countries have higher requirements and standards for the ease of handling and recyclability of packaging materials, while China's export of packaging materials is backward, difficult to handle, low recyclability, and partial export product packaging. The extensive use of materials such as wood and rice straw not only has a rough appearance, but also is often blamed and restricted by the importing country due to the presence of diseases and insect pests. This has caused many products in our country to be unable to be exported due to packaging problems. According to statistics, foreign trade losses caused by packaging are up to 10 billion yuan each year. At the same time, due to the unfamiliarity with relevant laws and regulations of foreign packaging, many of the packages of goods fail to meet the requirements of foreign companies, resulting in major losses. Therefore, China must formulate and adopt corresponding strategies and measures to establish a green packaging system as soon as possible to meet the needs of contemporary international trade. However, the establishment of a green packaging system is a systematic project that involves both the superstructure and the economic foundation. It requires the joint participation of the government, enterprises, and consumers. Law, management, technology, and education will work together to build green packaging with Chinese characteristics. system.

1. From the perspective of administrative management, it is necessary for the national government to coordinate with departments such as the environment, economy and trade, commodity inspection, industry and commerce, and production companies to guide and promote green packaging in China in accordance with the relevant national laws, system environmental standards, sign certification systems, administrative regulations, and management methods. Development and packaging waste design, production and use. In the packaging design, production, sales and use of adherence to green requirements, and strict supervision. The packaging wastes that are incorporated into the packaging waste recycling and treatment system must be marked with green packaging; otherwise, the recycling and processing system is not responsible for recycling, and the production company can recycle it by itself, and can reuse, regenerate, or perform other treatments, and must not be contaminated. The environment also applies to foreign manufacturers exporting to China.

In addition, the government should properly support the packaging industry through industrial policies. In view of the fact that China's packaging industry started relatively late and has a low level, in the process of participating in international competition, it is necessary for the government to give proper support to the industry. The government should follow the principle of giving priority to economic measures, give certain preferential policies to the packaging industry in terms of environmental governance, taxation, credit, etc. At the same time, let enterprises form a good mechanism for the introduction, absorption, and standardization of advanced packaging technologies, and give full play to packaging companies. Micro initiative.

2. From the point of view of the production enterprises, production enterprises need to pay close attention to scientific research, actively use new technologies, invent new technologies, and improve the level of packaging technology. The following issues should be considered: (1) Research and development of new green packaging materials, implementation of the "4R+1D" principle of the green packaging system, and the use of resources, energy conservation, and packaging reduction as a Important measures to reduce packaging waste, and get out of a way to develop new materials for packaging in our country. (2) Strengthen the research on the degradation technology of packaging materials, recycling, regeneration, and reuse technologies, and production of alternative packaging technologies and other green packaging technologies. Because of its non-decomposable nature, plastics are not easy to rot in packaging waste, so that it is more likely to cause pollution than other packaging materials. It is very important to solve the problem of plastic degradation. At present, the degradable plastics being researched and developed at home and abroad mainly include photodegradation, biodegradation, and water-soluble degradation. (3) Development of packaging waste treatment and comprehensive utilization technologies and equipment.

3. From the consumers' point of view, consumers also need to strengthen their awareness of environmental protection. When selecting and purchasing goods, they should consider the pollution of product packaging to the environment. The concept of product packaging should be changed from pursuing luxury to exquisite, concise, practical and environmentally friendly. The friendliness.

To sum up, the establishment of China's green packaging system means that the whole process of bag-grain products from the selection of raw materials to the manufacture, use, recycling, and disposal of products should meet the requirements of ecological and environmental protection. In addition to the functions of “package” and “installation” and the enhancement of the added value of products, “green packaging” should also be harmless to the environment in which human beings live, renewable or can return to the ecosystem of the biosphere. in. Implement appropriate packaging and develop new materials. Improve recycling reuse rate and develop reusable packaging. Apply high technology and improve processing technology. Implement environmental protection legislation and formulate development plans. The development of China's green packaging industry is not only for the sake of current interests, but also for future generations, taking the road of sustainable development, creating a green home, and also a green world.

Author: Zhangyan Wen Chinese Packaging Industry Network