First, the basic characteristics of the clean room
The so-called clean room refers to the factory that has special purification requirements for buildings in the production process. The basic characteristics are as follows: 1. Most of them are reinforced concrete structures, and the workshops are divided into several small rooms; 2. They are often in a closed state, with fewer windows and fewer doors; 3. The equipment in the factory is expensive, afraid of high temperature and water; 4, in the factory Less staff, is not conducive to the discovery of fire and the initial fire; 5, the internal structure is complex, the channel twists and turns.
Second, the fire features of the clean room
1, smoke heat accumulation, more ways to spread
The clean room is generally in a closed state, with few doors and windows. When a fire occurs, the heat of the flue gas is not easily dissipated outwards, causing the flue gas to stay and the heat to increase sharply. In addition, the ventilation ducts, electrical circuit casings, and technical interlayers in the plant are colluded with each other. It is easy to cause the hot air flow to spread quickly to other rooms.
2, personnel escape difficulties
Due to the technical requirements, the clean room is complicated in internal division, the channel is narrow and narrow, the safety exit is small, the depth is long, the direction is easy to get lost after the fire occurs, and the staff is less, the initial fire disaster is discovered in time, and it is difficult to get out of the fire when the fire is invaded. .
3, smoke is too toxic
Some high-molecular synthetic materials are used in the interior decoration. These materials generate a large amount of smoke when they are burned, which emits poisonous gas, which poses a great threat to the escape of personnel and the firefighting of firefighters.
4, the loss is large
There are often a lot of extremely sophisticated and valuable equipment in the clean room, and the construction investment is large. Once a fire breaks out, the economic loss is huge.
In addition, some clean rooms now use flammable and explosive chemical dangerous substances such as methanol, acetone, toluene in the production process, posing a potential fire threat to the clean room.
Third, the basic principles that should be grasped in the fire protection design of clean room buildings
According to the characteristics of the clean room and its fire characteristics, in order to protect people's lives and property safety, minimize the loss in the fire, and facilitate the evacuation and rescue of personnel, the following principles should be followed in the design of building fire protection:
1. Fire rating and fire compartment
It is not difficult to find out from many examples of clean room fires that it is necessary to strictly control the fire resistance of buildings. The fire resistance of the building is set to one or two in the design, so that the fire resistance of the building components is related to the production facilities of Class A and Class B. Adaptation, thus greatly reducing the possibility of fire. Limit the area between firewalls and set up fire zones. First, it can control the spread of fire and reduce fire damage. Second, it is convenient for fire fighting, so that firefighters can easily find fire sources on site and easily evacuate. The designer should fully consider the characteristics of the clean room during the design, strictly control the fire compartment to meet the requirements of the standard. The current fire protection technical specifications in China have put forward clear requirements for the fire compartment of the clean room, and specify the clean room for the production of Class A and Class B. It should be a single floor, the maximum allowable building area of ​​the fire protection zone, the single-storey building should be 3,000 square meters, and the multi-storey building should be 2,000 square meters; the maximum allowable building area of ​​the fire compartment of the clean room produced by C, D, and E should be The current provisions of the "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design". In addition, special attention should be paid to the ceiling and siding of the clean room, the partition between the clean production area and the general production interval, and the fire prevention treatment of the technical shaft. It is required to use non-combustible materials and the fire resistance limit must reach the corresponding technology. Specification requirements.
2, safe evacuation
In view of the characteristics of the clean room itself, the requirements for safe evacuation of personnel should be fully considered in the design, comprehensive analysis of factors such as evacuation of people, evacuation routes, evacuation distance, etc., scientific calculation, selection of the best evacuation route, rational arrangement of safety exits and evacuation channels Establish a safe evacuation structure system that satisfies the tortuous purification route from the production site to the safe exit. In addition, since the clean room is mostly in a closed state and the natural lighting conditions are poor, fire accident lighting and emergency evacuation lighting must be set in the factory, and obvious evacuation signs should be set at the corners of the safety exit, evacuation port and evacuation channel for personnel recognition. In the direction of the Qing, quickly evacuate the scene of the accident.
3, heating and ventilation and smoke control
Ventilation and air conditioning systems are usually installed in the clean room. The purpose is to ensure the cleanliness of the clean rooms in the clean room, but it also brings a potential fire hazard. If the fire and air conditioning system is not properly treated, it will cause fireworks. Through the spread of ventilation and air conditioning pipe network, the fire has expanded. Therefore, in the design, the fire damper should be properly installed in the appropriate part of the ventilation and air conditioning pipe network according to the specifications, and the pipe network material should be selected according to the requirements, and the fireproof sealing work of the pipe network through the wall and through the floor slab should be done to prevent the fire from being ventilated. The air conditioning system spread. At the same time, because the clean room is relatively closed, it is not conducive to natural smoke. An accidental smoke evacuation system should be set up in the factory building, and a mechanical smoke exhaust system with positive pressure air supply should be installed on the evacuation walkway to ensure that the flue gas can be quickly discharged into the room without intruding into the evacuation aisle, thus ensuring that the personnel can evacuate the fire place in time and safely. .
4. Fire protection facilities
The clean room is equipped with fire water supply, fire extinguishing equipment and automatic fire alarm system according to the specifications. The main purpose is to find out the fire in time and eliminate the fire accident in the initial stage. For the clean room, due to its technical interlayer and the lower interlayer for the return air space, it should be considered when arranging the alarm probe, which is more conducive to timely detection of the fire. At the same time, for clean rooms with a large number of sophisticated and valuable equipment, VESDA, an early warning air sampling and alarm system, can be introduced, which alarms 3 to 4 hours ahead of conventional alarms, greatly improving the fire detection capability, thus achieving timely detection. Quick handling reduces fire damage to a minimum.
5, renovation works
In the clean room decoration, we must pay attention to the burning performance of the decoration materials, and minimize the use of some polymer synthetic materials to avoid the generation of a large amount of smoke when the fire occurs, which is not conducive to personnel escape. In addition, it is necessary to strictly comply with the requirements for the wearing of electrical circuits. Wherever possible, steel pipes should be used as much as possible to ensure that electrical circuits do not become a means of fire spread.
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