The specific classification and detailed introduction of the purity of chemical reagents
At present, China's reagent specifications are basically divided by purity (how much impurity content), there are 7 kinds of high purity, spectral purity, benchmark, spectroscopic purity, superior purity, analytical and chemical purity. The state and the competent authority have promulgated three main types of quality indicators: superior grade, graded grade, and chemical grade.
(1) Excellent grade pure (GR: Guaranteed reagent), also known as first-class product or guaranteed reagent, 99.8%, this reagent has the highest purity and the lowest impurity content, suitable for important precision analysis work and scientific research work, using green bottles sign.
(2) Analytical purity (AR), also known as secondary reagent, has a very high purity of 99.7%, slightly inferior to superior purity, suitable for important analysis and general research work, using a red bottle label.
(3) Chemically pure (CP), also known as tertiary reagent, ≥ 99.5%, the purity is quite different from analytical purity, and is suitable for general analysis in industry, mines and schools. Use the blue (dark blue) label.
(4) Laboratory reagent (LR: Laboratory reagent), also known as fourth-grade reagent.
Reagents whose purity is much higher than that of superior-grade pure are called high-purity reagents (≥ 99.99%). High-purity reagents are developed on the basis of general-purpose reagents. It is the reagent with the highest purity produced by a special method for special use purposes. Its impurity content is 2, 3, 4 or more orders of magnitude lower than the superior reagent. Therefore, high-purity reagents are particularly suitable for some trace analysis, and the usual high-grade pure reagents can not meet the requirements of this precise analysis. At present, except for the establishment of national standards for a small number of products (such as high-purity boric acid, high-purity glacial acetic acid, high-purity hydrofluoric acid, etc.), the quality standards of most high-purity reagents are still not uniform. Extra Pure), Ultra Pure, Spectral Pure and so on.
In addition to the above four levels, there are still:
Reference Reagent (PT: Primary Reagent): It is specially used as a reference substance and can directly prepare standard solutions.
Spectral pure reagent (SP: Spectrum pure): indicates spectral purity. However, because the organic substance does not show up in the spectrum, sometimes the main component is less than 99.9%, and it must be noted when used, especially when used as a reference substance, calibration must be performed.
According to the different scope of high-purity reagent industry, it can be divided into the following types:
(1) High-purity chemicals for optics and electronics, namely EIectronicgrade reagents.
(2) Metal-oxide-semiconductor (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) electronic industry special high-purity chemicals, namely UP-S grade or MOS reagent (read: Morse reagent). Generally used in semiconductors, electronic tubes, etc., the highest impurity content is 0.01-10ppm, some can be reduced to ppb order, the metal impurity content is less than 1ppb, the dust level reaches 0-2ppb, suitable for 0.35-0.8 micron integrated circuit processing technology.
(3) High-purity chemicals for single crystal production.
â‘·High-purity chemicals for optical fiber.
In addition, there are instrumentation reagents, ultra-pure reagents (impurity content less than 1/1000000 ~ 1/1000000000), special high-purity organic materials, etc.
(5) Plasma mass spectrometry pure grade reagent (ICP-Mass Pure Grade): The content of most impurity elements is less than 0.1ppb, suitable for the daily analysis work of plasma mass spectrometer (ICP Mass).
(6) Plasma emission spectrum pure grade reagent (ICP Pure Grade): The content of most impurity elements is less than 1ppb, which is suitable for the daily analysis work of plasma emission spectrometer (ICP).
(7) AA Pure Grade Reagent: The content of most impurity elements is less than 10 ppb, which is suitable for the daily analysis work of AA.
Description of purity grade of foreign reagents
Ultra Pure: Ultra pure, similar to GR grade.
High Purity: High purity, similar to AR level.
Biotech: Biotech grade, similar to BR grade.
Reagent: Reagent grade, similar to CP grade.
ACS: American Chemical Society standard, similar to AR level.
USP: Medicinal grade
Specifically divided into:
National standard reagent: This type of reagent is prescribed by China's national standards and is suitable for inspection, identification and testing
Reference reagent (JZ, green label): As a reference substance, calibrate a standard solution.
Premium grade pure (GR, green label) (first grade product): The content of main ingredients is high and the purity is very high. It is suitable for accurate analysis and research work, and some can be used as a reference substance.
Analytical purity (AR, red label) (secondary product): The content of the main components is high, the purity is high, and the interference impurities are very low. It is suitable for industrial analysis and chemical experiments.
Chemically pure (CP, blue label) (third grade): High content of main components, high purity, presence of interfering impurities, suitable for chemical experiments and synthetic preparation.
Experimental purity (LR, yellow label): The main ingredient content is high, the purity is poor, the impurity content is not selected, only suitable for general chemical experiments and synthetic preparation.
Teaching reagents (): A class of reagents that can meet the teaching purpose of students without causing deviations in chemical reaction phenomena.
Specified grade (ZD), this type of reagent is a chemical reagent customized for a specific user according to the quality control indicators required by the user.
High-purity reagents (EP): including ultra-pure, ultra-pure, high-purity, and spectrally pure, prepare standard solutions. The quality of this type of reagents focuses on: during the analysis of a particular method, it may cause deviations in the analysis results, and the content of impurities that interferes with component analysis or content analysis, but does not make high requirements for the main content.
Chromatographically pure (GC): dedicated for gas chromatography analysis. Quality indicators focus on impurities that interfere with gas chromatographic peaks. High content of main ingredients.
Chromatographically pure (LC): Liquid chromatography analysis of reference materials. Quality indicators focus on impurities that interfere with liquid chromatography peaks. High content of main ingredients
Indicator (ID): used to prepare indicator solution. The quality indicators are the range of color change and the sensitivity of color change. Can replace CP, also suitable for organic synthesis.
Biochemical reagents (BR): Preparation of biochemical test solutions and biochemical synthesis. Quality indicators focus on biologically active impurities. Can replace indicator, can be used for organic synthesis
Biological staining agent (BS): prepare microbial specimen staining solution. Quality indicators focus on biologically active impurities. Can replace indicator, can be used for organic synthesis
Spectral purity (SP): used for spectral analysis. Suitable for spectrophotometer, atomic absorption spectrum, atomic emission spectrum
Electronic pure (MOS): suitable for the production of electronic products, the content of electrical impurities is extremely low.
Equivalent reagents (3N, 4N, 5N): The main component content is 99.9%, 99.99%, and 99.999% respectively.
Electrophoresis reagents: quality indicators focus on the control of electrical impurity content.
In addition, there are special reagents, the production volume is extremely small, and the production is almost on demand. The quantity and quality of such reagents are generally specified by users.
To put it simply, analytical purity is slightly higher than chemical purity, but it is not necessarily analytically pure. It must be as many as nine, according to different reagents, divided according to national standards.
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