How to reduce the cost of books is a concern of every publisher. As a printing staff, they should be proficient in plate making, printing process, book printing price standards, understanding the performance of paper specifications and the production capacity of all relevant printing plants. In the printing work, according to the production capacity of the printing factory, the plate-making printing process and paper materials should be arranged reasonably to reduce the cost of books.
Every time you do a book, you need to design the overall design by the designer. The designer must design according to the content, nature, total amount of graphics, and readers. The high cost of books is an important factor in the competition of the book market. Now I will talk about how to reduce the cost of books in terms of pre-press design.
1, paper opening
If the selection of the opening is unreasonable, the margin will increase and the effective use area of ​​the paper will decrease. Books with a short line, such as a series of poems in a row, are opened in 32. There are many blanks in the incisions and staples, and more paper is used. If you use a narrow 36-fold format, you can save paper. If the cost is too small, the number of folds and the material of the edge are also more. In order to facilitate printing, try not to use less or less irregular copies, which can reduce the printing cost.
2, paper materials
Paper materials account for a large proportion of book costs, accounting for more than 40%. Therefore, the rational use of paper materials is an important aspect of reducing the cost of books.
Ordinary books, such as assembly, learning materials, literary readings, etc., paperback 52g/m2 (hereinafter referred to as 52g) letterpress paper can be used, hardcover can choose 60g or 70g offset paper.
For songs and children's books, 60g paper can be used in monochrome, and 80g offset paper can be used in color.
Textbooks generally use 49-60g relief paper; 52g letterpress paper for paperback, 40g dictionary paper for hardcover, 80-120g offset paper for general technical standards.
For pictures and albums, generally use 80-120g offset paper or 100-128g coated paper; according to the fine print degree of the album, use offset paper or coated paper and gram weight. New year paintings and posters generally use 50-80g single-sided offset paper, 52~50g letterpress paper for comic strips, and 256g glass cards for advanced fine small pictures.
Magazines generally use 52 to 80 g of paper, monochromatic generally uses 60 g of writing paper or offset paper, and color generally uses 80 g of double-sided paper.
The cover, insert and lining of books and magazines: 100-150g paper is generally used within 200 pages of the cover, 120-180g paper is used for 200 pages or more; 80-150g paper is used for inserts; the thickness of the lining is generally between 80-150g according to the thickness of the book. Use.
For the same type of paper, the heavier the weight, the higher the price, the weight of the text paper increases, the thickness of the spine is also thickened, and sometimes the weight and opening number of the cover paper must be adjusted, which will result in a series of ties. It often increases the cost of paper.
Careful use of paper materials, but can not cut corners, such as the use of ordinary paper printed finer network cable version, will make the layout blurred, all invalid, resulting in waste. For example, newsprint can be used for ordinary reading materials, and newsprint papers that are easy to weather can not be used for books that need to be preserved for a long time.
3, the number of pages
When you are in the team version, try to avoid zero pages. Because a book is in addition to the positive, there are other parts such as four, title page, order, catalog, copyright page, etc., and may use different papers for each part, and make the total number of papers of the same paper type. A multiple of 4 is not difficult.
4, binding form and layout design
Commonly used bookbinding forms include saddle stitching, flat stitching, lock stitching, and binding. The saddle stitching, lock stitching and perfect binding can be designed to make the core of the center spread smaller. If it is a flat form, the center of the page will be relatively large, because the book order of the book is about 5mm.
When designing a manuscript, the size of the body, the density between the lines, the width of the blanks around it, the occupation of the title, and the blank line are all related to the cost of the book. For example, if a book is an ordinary 32-page book, the original design is a horizontal row of 5 characters, each side is 26 words × 25 lines = 650 words, 5/8 lines between lines, 240,000 words of manuscripts, a total of 370 faces are required; The line is 26 words × 27 lines = 702 words, 1/2 line between lines, only 342 faces; the two specifications differ by 28 faces. In all aspects of the number of pages, paper, binding, etc., we may reduce the cost of books. Of course, it is not that the layout is getting as dense as possible. For example, children's books, the words should not be too small, and the line spacing should not be too narrow. It means that paper materials can be saved as much as possible to reduce the cost of books while adapting the contents of the manuscript and the readers. .
5, a reasonable size of the cover
When designing the cover, it should be designed according to the finished book size, spine thickness and size. When designing the size of the mouth, the mouth is generally slightly larger, and the majority is more than 30 mm without wasting paper for printing. However, some cover designers do not understand the paper specifications, opening number and printing machine performance. When designing the cover, the size of the ring is not fixed according to the number of paper openings. After the plate making, the paper does not meet the requirements of the paper specification. Nowadays, most book covers need to be covered after printing, which increases the cost of filming.
For example, a set of books is divided into upper and lower volumes, and the books are opened for the big 32. The upper and lower volumes are each about 600 sides, printed on 52g paper, the thickness of the spine is 22mm, the cover is printed by offset printing, and the upper and lower volumes are printed 20,000. Cover the back of the cover. Since the designer does not know the number of paper specifications, the design is 65mm. For such a large mouth, it needs to be printed on 787×1092 1/16 paper. If the design is based on the paper opening, the design will be 40mm. It can be printed on 787×1092 1/8 paper. The printing fee, paper and film cost of the two are about 4,000 yuan. It can be seen that when designing the cover, designers should have an understanding of the paper specifications and opening numbers. When designing the cover, try to reduce the cost of the books and avoid unnecessary economic losses.
Some covers and front and back ring lining design is relatively simple, printing a few spot colors, printing volume is not large, can make copper-zinc plate when making plates, printing can be printed with a plate machine, because the plate printing is a single small sheet printing, can be used Flowers can be cut into small sheets with residual paper. This can improve the utilization of paper and the cost of plate printing can also be reduced.
6, binding materials
When using hardcover cover materials, it is necessary to control the use of leather, cotton, linen, silk, wool and other fabrics, as much as possible using tough paper, lacquer paper or varnish, etc., except for special needs, try to avoid using real gold foil Hot stamping materials can be replaced by anodized aluminum, color chips, etc., to reduce the cost of books. More……
7, printing process
For the general 32- or 16-open single- and double-color books, the number of prints is more than 50,000, and the rotary printing is generally arranged. Because the speed of the rotary machine is fast and the printed book pages have been folded, the printing cost is lower than that of the flat paper printing machine. However, for books of less than 50,000 volumes; the lead row can be printed by large automatic, small automatic or eight-page machine; the laser phototype can be printed by B-B double-sided offset printing machine, which is the printing machine for printing books. The paper is used to calculate the printing fee; or it can be printed with a type 01 and 08 type monochrome offset printing machine. This type of offset printing machine is a single-sided printing machine, and the printing fee is calculated according to the color order. However, the B-B offset press is faster than the monochrome offset press and has a low printing cost. For the album with high printing quality requirements, it should be printed by two-color or four-color offset printing machine as much as possible; for large-scale pictures such as New Year pictures and front and back lining of books, it should be printed by a single-color offset printing machine, and the printing quality is good.
The printing staff should understand the performance of various printing machines and the calculation standard of the wage price. Otherwise, it is possible to adopt a high-cost and unreasonable printing process, which will reduce the quality of books and increase the cost.
How to reduce the cost of books is a concern of every publisher. As a printing staff, they should be proficient in plate making, printing process, book printing price standards, understanding the performance of paper specifications and the production capacity of all relevant printing plants. In the printing work, according to the production capacity of the printing factory, the plate-making printing process and paper materials should be arranged reasonably to reduce the cost of books.
Every time you do a book, you need to design the overall design by the designer. The designer must design according to the content, nature, total amount of graphics, and readers. The high cost of books is an important factor in the competition of the book market. Now I will talk about how to reduce the cost of books in terms of pre-press design.
1, paper opening
If the selection of the opening is unreasonable, the margin will increase and the effective use area of ​​the paper will decrease. Books with a short line, such as a series of poems in a row, are opened in 32. There are many blanks in the incisions and staples, and more paper is used. If you use a narrow 36-fold format, you can save paper. If the cost is too small, the number of folds and the material of the edge are also more. In order to facilitate printing, try not to use less or less irregular copies, which can reduce the printing cost.
2, paper materials
Paper materials account for a large proportion of book costs, accounting for more than 40%. Therefore, the rational use of paper materials is an important aspect of reducing the cost of books.
Ordinary books, such as assembly, learning materials, literary readings, etc., paperback 52g/m2 (hereinafter referred to as 52g) letterpress paper can be used, hardcover can choose 60g or 70g offset paper.
For songs and children's books, 60g paper can be used in monochrome, and 80g offset paper can be used in color.
Textbooks generally use 49-60g relief paper; 52g letterpress paper for paperback, 40g dictionary paper for hardcover, 80-120g offset paper for general technical standards.
For pictures and albums, generally use 80-120g offset paper or 100-128g coated paper; according to the fine print degree of the album, use offset paper or coated paper and gram weight. New year paintings and posters generally use 50-80g single-sided offset paper, 52~50g letterpress paper for comic strips, and 256g glass cards for advanced fine small pictures.
Magazines generally use 52 to 80 g of paper, monochromatic generally uses 60 g of writing paper or offset paper, and color generally uses 80 g of double-sided paper.
The cover, insert and lining of books and magazines: 100-150g paper is generally used within 200 pages of the cover, 120-180g paper is used for 200 pages or more; 80-150g paper is used for inserts; the thickness of the lining is generally between 80-150g according to the thickness of the book. Use.
For the same type of paper, the heavier the weight, the higher the price, the weight of the text paper increases, the thickness of the spine is also thickened, and sometimes the weight and opening number of the cover paper must be adjusted, which will result in a series of ties. It often increases the cost of paper.
Careful use of paper materials, but can not cut corners, such as the use of ordinary paper printed finer network cable version, will make the layout blurred, all invalid, resulting in waste. For example, newsprint can be used for ordinary reading materials, and newsprint papers that are easy to weather can not be used for books that need to be preserved for a long time.
3, the number of pages
When you are in the team version, try to avoid zero pages. Because a book is in addition to the positive, there are other parts such as four, title page, order, catalog, copyright page, etc., and may use different papers for each part, and make the total number of papers of the same paper type. A multiple of 4 is not difficult.
4, binding form and layout design
Commonly used bookbinding forms include saddle stitching, flat stitching, lock stitching, and binding. The saddle stitching, lock stitching and perfect binding can be designed to make the core of the center spread smaller. If it is a flat form, the center of the page will be relatively large, because the book order of the book is about 5mm.
When designing a manuscript, the size of the body, the density between the lines, the width of the blanks around it, the occupation of the title, and the blank line are all related to the cost of the book. For example, if a book is an ordinary 32-page book, the original design is a horizontal row of 5 characters, each side is 26 words × 25 lines = 650 words, 5/8 lines between lines, 240,000 words of manuscripts, a total of 370 faces are required; The line is 26 words × 27 lines = 702 words, 1/2 line between lines, only 342 faces; the two specifications differ by 28 faces. In all aspects of the number of pages, paper, binding, etc., we may reduce the cost of books. Of course, it is not that the layout is getting as dense as possible. For example, children's books, the words should not be too small, and the line spacing should not be too narrow. It means that paper materials can be saved as much as possible to reduce the cost of books while adapting the contents of the manuscript and the readers. .
5, a reasonable size of the cover
When designing the cover, it should be designed according to the finished book size, spine thickness and size. When designing the size of the mouth, the mouth is generally slightly larger, and the majority is more than 30 mm without wasting paper for printing. However, some cover designers do not understand the paper specifications, opening number and printing machine performance. When designing the cover, the size of the ring is not fixed according to the number of paper openings. After the plate making, the paper does not meet the requirements of the paper specification. Nowadays, most book covers need to be covered after printing, which increases the cost of filming.
For example, a set of books is divided into upper and lower volumes, and the books are opened for the big 32. The upper and lower volumes are each about 600 sides, printed on 52g paper, the thickness of the spine is 22mm, the cover is printed by offset printing, and the upper and lower volumes are printed 20,000. Cover the back of the cover. Since the designer does not know the number of paper specifications, the design is 65mm. For such a large mouth, it needs to be printed on 787×1092 1/16 paper. If the design is based on the paper opening, the design will be 40mm. It can be printed on 787×1092 1/8 paper. The printing fee, paper and film cost of the two are about 4,000 yuan. It can be seen that when designing the cover, designers should have an understanding of the paper specifications and opening numbers. When designing the cover, try to reduce the cost of the books and avoid unnecessary economic losses.
Some covers and front and back ring lining design is relatively simple, printing a few spot colors, printing volume is not large, can make copper-zinc plate when making plates, printing can be printed with a plate machine, because the plate printing is a single small sheet printing, can be used Flowers can be cut into small sheets with residual paper. This can improve the utilization of paper and the cost of plate printing can also be reduced.
6, binding materials
When using hardcover cover materials, it is necessary to control the use of leather, cotton, linen, silk, wool and other fabrics, as much as possible using tough paper, lacquer paper or varnish, etc., except for special needs, try to avoid using real gold foil Hot stamping materials can be replaced by anodized aluminum, color chips, etc., to reduce the cost of books. More……
7, printing process
For the general 32- or 16-open single- and double-color books, the number of prints is more than 50,000, and the rotary printing is generally arranged. Because the speed of the rotary machine is fast and the printed book pages have been folded, the printing cost is lower than that of the flat paper printing machine. However, for books of less than 50,000 volumes; the lead row can be printed by large automatic, small automatic or eight-page machine; the laser phototype can be printed by B-B double-sided offset printing machine, which is the printing machine for printing books. The paper is used to calculate the printing fee; or it can be printed with a type 01 and 08 type monochrome offset printing machine. This type of offset printing machine is a single-sided printing machine, and the printing fee is calculated according to the color order. However, the B-B offset press is faster than the monochrome offset press and has a low printing cost. For the album with high printing quality requirements, it should be printed by two-color or four-color offset printing machine as much as possible; for large-scale pictures such as New Year pictures and front and back lining of books, it should be printed by a single-color offset printing machine, and the printing quality is good.
The printing staff should understand the performance of various printing machines and the calculation standard of the wage price. Otherwise, it is possible to adopt a high-cost and unreasonable printing process, which will reduce the quality of books and increase the cost.
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