China Education Equipment Purchasing Network News: According to recent news from the American Physicists Organization Network, American and Italian scientists have collaborated for the first time to use human DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules to create nanobiosensors, which can quickly detect thousands of different transcriptions. The activity of factor proteins is expected to be used to personalize cancer treatment and monitor the activity of transcription factors.
Transcription factors are the master switch of life and control the fate of human cells. The role of transcription factors is to read the genome and translate it into instructions to guide the synthesis of the molecules that make up and control the cell. It is a bit like the "set key" of the cell. The main job of the new sensor is to read these settings.
The basis of the new technology is the research results of scientists on natural biosensors in cells. Francisco Ricci of the Third University of Rome, who participated in the research, said that all the information to detect the activity of transcription factors has been compiled into the genome, and when in the excited state, these thousands of different transcription factors will be attached to specific Target DNA sequences, therefore, these sequences can be used as starting points to construct new nanosensors.
From bacteria to humans, all organisms use "biomolecular switches" (molecules made of RNA or protein that can change shape) to monitor the environment. The appeal of these "molecular switches" is that they are small enough to "office" within the cell, and very targeted, enough to cope with very complex environments.
Inspired by these natural nanosensors, the research team synthesized new nanosensors using DNA instead of proteins or RNA. They adjusted three natural DNA sequences (each of which recognizes a different transcription factor) and incorporated them into molecular switches. When these DNA sequences bind to their targets, these molecular switches become fluorescent. Scientists can use such nanosensors to directly determine the activity of transcription factors in cells by simply measuring the fluorescence intensity.
Alexis Yali-Polysner of the University of California, Santa Barbara, who led the study, explained that scientists mainly use cell programming techniques to change the concentration of certain transcription factors and turn stem cells into specific ones. cell. The new sensor can monitor the activity of transcription factors, thus ensuring that the stem cells are properly reprogrammed. It can also determine which transcription factor in a patient's cancer cells is activated and which is inhibited, so that doctors can treat the symptoms. Because it can work directly in biological samples, it can also be used to screen and test new drugs that suppress tumors.
Andrew Bonham, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of California, Santa Barbara, who participated in the study, said that several laboratories have previously developed methods for reading transcription factors, but the latest methods are more convenient and faster. Scientists do not need to spend hours to extract proteins from cells, just put the sensor directly into the cells and measure the fluorescence intensity.
This nanosensor can be used to monitor the activity of thousands of transcription factors to help scientists better understand the mechanisms of cell division and development.
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