Printing disputes are the most reluctant problems encountered by printers in dealing with customers, but they are also the most frequently encountered problems. One of the reasons for the emergence of printing disputes may be the unqualified printing quality of finished products shipped from printing houses. Another important reason is the objective printing errors. For professionals who have been engaged in printing for a long time, some of the printing errors are objective and cannot be avoided; and for customers who receive printed products and play a decisive role in the acceptance of finished products, sometimes they do not fully understand these errors. In this way, in the process of handing over the finished product between the printing house and the customer, the printing house often thinks that the product they have shipped is qualified, but the customer insists that the product is unqualified or even unacceptable. As a result, after the dispute, the communication between the two parties was very difficult. The customer thought that the finished product of the printing factory was unqualified, but was making excuses and unreasonable sophistry; the printing factory thought that the customer had unreasonable trouble and payment credit.
Here is a brief introduction to the objective errors in printing. The reason why it exists objectively is because of the limitations of the machine itself. These errors are inevitable, not due to human factors, such as poor management and improper quality control. These errors include:
1. Text error in typesetting:
Typesetting is an important process before printing. Precisely speaking, typesetting is a text layout work that is carried out by the design and production staff using the corresponding software under the client's advice and requirements. Therefore, from the perspective of the printing house, before the plate-making and printing, customers are generally required to sign for confirmation. However, sometimes due to tight job time and at the same time, based on the trust level of both parties, the customer may sometimes completely delegate the right of typesetting confirmation to the printing house. In this case, if there is a problem, the customer may blame the design and production personnel for being irresponsible, such as typos or other typographical errors. It should be said that the occurrence of this error is not caused by the mechanical problem we mentioned above, but it is completely a problem with process control. Therefore, we generally require that the customer's signature be confirmed before the proofing of the film. By comparing the two parties together, these errors can be reduced or eliminated to a large extent. But even so, in fact, some errors may still appear in the manuscript confirmed by the customer. In this regard, we recommend drawing on the practices of certain multinational companies. They are generally followed by rigorous principles after printing important printed materials, stating "This information is for reference only, our company will not bear any responsibility for errors in printed materials. "Responsibility" to eliminate joint liability caused by typographical errors.
2. Errors in film production and proofing:
After the design and production personnel complete the typesetting production work, they enter the layout process, which is what we usually refer to as proofing. In general, the output precision of laser imagesetter is within 0.01 C 0.1 mm. At the same time, due to the different films used, it will also cause certain errors. The most direct manifestation of this error is that among the four films (black, red, yellow, and blue), if a certain film (such as the black version) has problems and needs to be patched, the film is different and distinguished when the film is output. The rate may be different (not in the same batch of film), which will lead to the change of the dot, and the film supplemented may have the problem of inaccurate overprint with the previous three films. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a one-time forming when the sheet is produced to minimize the patch. Of course, garbled characters or font changes caused by font replacement at the time of filming can be avoided if the relevant personnel are seriously responsible. After the film (film) is produced, the traditional simulation proofing requires a set of four films for proofing. When proofing, to achieve the accuracy and stability of the four-color ink proofs, three links must be controlled and standardized, namely equipment, materials and quality standards. On the equipment, it is necessary to adjust the pressure of the proofer, the plate temperature and the air cushion blanket to ensure that the proofer is in the best working state; on the material, the ink of the same brand and the same series should be standardized to use the four colors of different brands Ink will cause the proofs to be different from the characteristic files in the scanner, which will directly affect the color calibration accuracy. In addition, the paper should be standardized. In principle, the same kind of paper should be used for proofing and printing; in terms of quality standards, attention should be paid to the field density value and the relative contrast value of printing. If these factors are not taken into account during proofing, it will cause errors in the printed product compared to proofing. For example, the ink used for printing is different from the ink used for proofing; the paper used for printing is different from the paper used for proofing (such as using different brands of paper, or using different types of paper, such as copperplate, film, and special paper); one-sided pursuit when proofing The dot increase is minimized, resulting in a small white hole in the center of the dot. If these deviations occur, it will directly cause the printed product to fail to catch up with the proof. In fact, even if it is the same set of film, if it is proofed twice, the proofs will be different.
3. Color error:
There are three kinds of color errors. The first one is the deviation of the color of the printed matter and the proofing; the second is that there is a certain degree of inconsistency between the front and back colors of the same batch of printed matter; the third is the deviation of the product color printed in the printed matter and the actual color itself. The first difference is that we usually say that we cannot catch up with the proofing during printing. The reasons have been discussed above, such as ink problems, paper problems, and dot restoration problems. For this difference, the printing staff should try to follow up the sample as much as possible. If the difference is large, the customer should be notified in time, and the customer should sign the sample in person. The second difference is also an objective problem that the printing machinery itself has always been difficult to solve. We know that in the printing process of the printing press, the inking of ink is a dynamic balancing process. When printing, when the ink on the ink roller is reduced to a certain level, the printing machine will automatically ink to compensate. The "certain degree" here will directly lead to the deviation of the color of the finished product printed at the front of a batch of printed jobs and the finished product printed at the last side. The third difference is actually a kind of psychological expectation. We once encountered a customer who claimed that the color of the printed product was not completely consistent with the actual product itself, believing that it would damage the company's image or even affect the company's order, and we thought that the color deviation was acceptable. For this situation, it should be said that such deviations exist objectively and cannot be entirely attributed to the quality control of the printing house. As we mentioned earlier, to be precise, the color of the printed product cannot be exactly the same as the proof, not to mention the ink color deviation within the same batch of printed products. Proofing can only be used as a reference standard because it comes out first, and customers may be preconceived, thinking that proofing is good and right. For this situation, we generally take into account the color of the product picture when printing, then the color of other pictures, and finally the decorative color bar or color block. For the printed samples for ordering, we recommend customers to add a piece below the printed matter: "The colors in this printed matter are for reference only, and the colors are subject to the actual product" to avoid unnecessary disputes.
4. Paper error:
Due to the papermaking process, the brightness, thickness and texture of the same paper produced by different paper manufacturers will be different. For example, the same gram coated paper produced by Zixing, Daewoo and Jindong has different textures, and of course the difference is not too great. In the case of Asia-Pacific offset paper, the fineness and whiteness of the paper are better than other domestic manufacturers, but the price is about 50% higher. In addition, the same gram weight paper produced by the same manufacturer may have a slight change in the production process due to different factory time, plus acceptable errors, etc., its brightness, thickness, and texture are also different. In fact, in the label of each batch of paper purchased by the printing house, the paper mill has made such a statement in advance, requiring that it cannot be mixed with the previous paper to avoid deviations when comparing with the user. For printing companies, they should provide customers with the pattern of the printed product to be used before each printing, and then confirm the customer and put it into printing to avoid such disputes.
5. Printing machinery error:
The errors of printing machinery are reflected in two points. One is the accuracy of overprinting, and the other is the ink color. We know that color printing is actually four-color overprint, that is, the four colors of red, yellow, blue, and black are superimposed together, and the content of the overprint is reflected on the film, which is the outlet we mentioned earlier. In layman's terms, it is one by one. Dots. According to China's printing machinery industry standards, the registration accuracy of the printing machine, that is, the overlay accuracy of the dots is required to be 0.033mm, the actual mechanical accuracy is generally higher than this standard, mostly 0.01mm, and of course some printing machinery is 0.1mm ( Mostly monochrome machines). But even so, if you use a 40x magnifying glass to observe the printed product, you can still see that the overlay of the dots deviates. Therefore, in the process of handing over the printed products, we can only reach the point where there is no problem with the naked eye. Unless the printed products are rare treasures for thousands of years, it is impossible for the printing house to accept the customer's practice of picking up the problem with the magnifying glass. Regarding the ink color problem, there is also a certain deviation due to the ink amount compensation of the inking device. This has been discussed before and will not be repeated here.
6. Cutting size error:
After printing is completed, the next important step is to use a paper cutter to cut the printed product. When cutting the finished product, due to the error of the cutter itself, the error after cutting the finished product also exists objectively. In fact, according to relevant national standards, in the RMB printed products, the error range of the cut size is 0.5 mm, and the error range of the securities printed matter is 1 mm. In other words, the size of RMB and tradable securities are not exactly the same, but the error must fall within a certain range. For general printed matter, the dimensional error of cutting is mostly 2 mm up and down.
7. Psychological expectation error:
To be precise, the psychological expectation error should not fall into the category of printing error we discussed. The reason why this problem is mentioned is because in the process of dealing with customers, this problem is a problem we often encounter, difficult to solve, and have to face. For customers who have been in contact with printed materials for a long time, after long-term experience and knowledge accumulation, they have gained insight into what is acceptable and which errors are unacceptable, and it is easier to communicate with the printing factory. And some customers may have very high psychological expectations when they make prints, hoping to make the prints beautiful. For this part of the customers, the printing plant has to take on the task of educating and training the market and communicate more with the customers. After all, printed matter is printed matter, not art. Poor communication is an unpleasant memory for both parties.
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