The research of production scheduling originated from the manufacture of parts and components. The concept of production scheduling for newspaper printing is to rationally arrange the resources (including raw materials, equipment, employees, etc.) needed for newspaper printing under the precondition of satisfying the constraints (such as delivery date, process route, and resource conditions) as much as possible. And the order of operations to obtain the optimal production time.
First, the characteristics of production scheduling
Newspaper printing production can be regarded as semi-process production with continuous processes, but there can be intermittent between processes. The basic processes are: (output) printing and printing. Newspaper printing production scheduling has its own uniqueness.
1. With periodicity
The main jobs printed in newspapers (ie, the objects of print production) are daily newspapers, weekly newspapers, etc. Daily editions, color editions, and daily issuances are basically the same. If there are changes, they are generally cycled on a weekly basis. Therefore, newspaper printing production scheduling can be based on days first. After determining the day scheduling plan, a slight change can be made to determine the weekly scheduling plan.
2. With complexity
The scheduling problem of newspaper printing production can be seen as the scheduling problem of parallel processing equipment groups. However, there are many kinds of newspapers. The number of prints, editions, numbers of openings, and sizes of different newspapers are not necessarily the same, and the printing equipment does not have consistency. In this way, there is selectivity between the job and the device, and the constraints in the scheduling increase, making it more difficult to optimize.
3. Aging requirements
In order to postpone the deadline for publication, the newspapers reserved the time for printing production very shortly. Some newspapers published their copies after zero hours, and they had to be listed at 5:00 in the morning. Therefore, newspaper production scheduling should ensure that the entire production time is as short as possible, and all production tasks must be completed on time.
4. Long preparation time
When a printing device finishes printing a newspaper and carries out the next operation, it needs to change the version, and some need to change paper or change ink, which greatly consumes the printing production time.
5. With uncertainty
The stability of printing production is very small, and the required time and equipment production capacity are uncertain. The technical proficiency of the employees, the performance of the raw materials, and the requirements for printing jobs all have an impact on the production capacity of the equipment, and the actual situation does not match the plan. These factors cannot be accurately predicted during job scheduling, which affects the accuracy of scheduling.
Second, the goal of production scheduling
The main goal of newspaper printing production scheduling is to minimize the printing production time and guarantee timely delivery. Newspapers have a large print volume. To shorten the printing time, multiple devices are usually used for printing at the same time. Therefore, its production scheduling problem is a multi-device parallel processing problem. Its scheduling objective is to arrange the work piece to the printing equipment reasonably so that the time span of the whole operation reaches a minimum value.
Guaranteeing the stability of production is also a scheduling goal. In the printing production process of newspapers, many emergencies may occur, such as sudden printing, appearance of content or errors in specifications and the need for reprinting, failure of printing machinery, etc. Newspaper printing generally has no reserved period, and problems need to be rescheduled immediately to adjust production.
Third, the production of scheduling
Production scheduling is achieved through production job orders. According to the form of job ticket, newspaper printing production scheduling can be divided into two modes: traditional scheduling and electronic scheduling.
Traditional scheduling uses paper production job orders. Billing methods include manual billing and billing. A job is assigned to a production job ticket and all the information of the production job is recorded, including the equipment arrangement and production time. Each workshop department allocates resources and conducts production based on job orders. Traditional scheduling is achieved through Kanban. Each workshop and each machine station has its own kanban, and various job orders are placed on the kanban, and production is performed according to the job orders on the kanban. The traditional scheduling method is simple and intuitive, but the information feedback is slow. Many enterprises also adopt the form of two-stage scheduling (workshop scheduling).
E-scheduling uses e-voting, which is to electronically print paperwork orders. Electronic scheduling is produced with the printing of ERP systems. The production management module in the ERP system provides a production scheduling platform. Using this platform, the production operation information is transmitted in the workshops by means of electronic summons.
ERP software greatly advances print production scheduling, but ERP software does not involve detailed production scheduling. The plan for a specific print job also depends on the dispatcher. The quality of the dispatch has a lot to do with the dispatcher's production experience and management capabilities.
First, the characteristics of production scheduling
Newspaper printing production can be regarded as semi-process production with continuous processes, but there can be intermittent between processes. The basic processes are: (output) printing and printing. Newspaper printing production scheduling has its own uniqueness.
1. With periodicity
The main jobs printed in newspapers (ie, the objects of print production) are daily newspapers, weekly newspapers, etc. Daily editions, color editions, and daily issuances are basically the same. If there are changes, they are generally cycled on a weekly basis. Therefore, newspaper printing production scheduling can be based on days first. After determining the day scheduling plan, a slight change can be made to determine the weekly scheduling plan.
2. With complexity
The scheduling problem of newspaper printing production can be seen as the scheduling problem of parallel processing equipment groups. However, there are many kinds of newspapers. The number of prints, editions, numbers of openings, and sizes of different newspapers are not necessarily the same, and the printing equipment does not have consistency. In this way, there is selectivity between the job and the device, and the constraints in the scheduling increase, making it more difficult to optimize.
3. Aging requirements
In order to postpone the deadline for publication, the newspapers reserved the time for printing production very shortly. Some newspapers published their copies after zero hours, and they had to be listed at 5:00 in the morning. Therefore, newspaper production scheduling should ensure that the entire production time is as short as possible, and all production tasks must be completed on time.
4. Long preparation time
When a printing device finishes printing a newspaper and carries out the next operation, it needs to change the version, and some need to change paper or change ink, which greatly consumes the printing production time.
5. With uncertainty
The stability of printing production is very small, and the required time and equipment production capacity are uncertain. The technical proficiency of the employees, the performance of the raw materials, and the requirements for printing jobs all have an impact on the production capacity of the equipment, and the actual situation does not match the plan. These factors cannot be accurately predicted during job scheduling, which affects the accuracy of scheduling.
Second, the goal of production scheduling
The main goal of newspaper printing production scheduling is to minimize the printing production time and guarantee timely delivery. Newspapers have a large print volume. To shorten the printing time, multiple devices are usually used for printing at the same time. Therefore, its production scheduling problem is a multi-device parallel processing problem. Its scheduling objective is to arrange the work piece to the printing equipment reasonably so that the time span of the whole operation reaches a minimum value.
Guaranteeing the stability of production is also a scheduling goal. In the printing production process of newspapers, many emergencies may occur, such as sudden printing, appearance of content or errors in specifications and the need for reprinting, failure of printing machinery, etc. Newspaper printing generally has no reserved period, and problems need to be rescheduled immediately to adjust production.
Third, the production of scheduling
Production scheduling is achieved through production job orders. According to the form of job ticket, newspaper printing production scheduling can be divided into two modes: traditional scheduling and electronic scheduling.
Traditional scheduling uses paper production job orders. Billing methods include manual billing and billing. A job is assigned to a production job ticket and all the information of the production job is recorded, including the equipment arrangement and production time. Each workshop department allocates resources and conducts production based on job orders. Traditional scheduling is achieved through Kanban. Each workshop and each machine station has its own kanban, and various job orders are placed on the kanban, and production is performed according to the job orders on the kanban. The traditional scheduling method is simple and intuitive, but the information feedback is slow. Many enterprises also adopt the form of two-stage scheduling (workshop scheduling).
E-scheduling uses e-voting, which is to electronically print paperwork orders. Electronic scheduling is produced with the printing of ERP systems. The production management module in the ERP system provides a production scheduling platform. Using this platform, the production operation information is transmitted in the workshops by means of electronic summons.
ERP software greatly advances print production scheduling, but ERP software does not involve detailed production scheduling. The plan for a specific print job also depends on the dispatcher. The quality of the dispatch has a lot to do with the dispatcher's production experience and management capabilities.
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