The main testing standards of indoor fitness equipment include EU's EN957, US's ASTM F1250, Japan's JIS T1214, AS 4092, etc. Among them, the EN 957 developed by the EU is the most complete and rigorous, and it is also the most commonly used by foreign buyers to require manufacturers to design. And the safety specifications for the production of its products. We will use EN 957 as the main axis to introduce the safety testing and testing of indoor fitness equipment.
From the user's point of view, indoor fitness equipment can be roughly divided into muscle/strength training equipment and aerobic training equipment. This classification is a simple and clear classification, regardless of the purpose of the fitness provided by the indoor fitness equipment or the nature of the products produced by the manufacturer. EN 957 is a bit more complicated. It has three classification methods. First, it is classified by type. For example, the treadmill is based on the standard EN 957-6 and its type is type 6; the second use category is H (domestic). Type S (professional and/or commercial use); accuracy categories are classified as Class A (high accuracy with additional durability requirements), Class B (medium accuracy with additional durability requirements) and Class C (lowest accuracy with no performance display or designation Braking force).
In EN 957, Part 1 is a generic specification that is universally used for all indoor fitness equipment; Part 2 and Part 4 define and regulate the safety requirements of strength training equipment and strength training tables respectively; Part 5 belongs to fitness Specific specifications for bicycles; Part 6 is a special standard for treadmills; Part 7 is a specific standard for rowing machines; Part 8 includes steppers, ladders and mountain climbers; Part 9 is a specific standard for elliptical machines. Among them, EN 957 Part 2 (force training equipment) had a new revised version in 2003, and EN 957 Part 9 (elliptical machine) became an official standard in 2003. It is worth mentioning that EN 957 does not cover children's use of equipment and medical equipment.
Here, we do not explain the individual indoor fitness equipments one by one. Instead, we divide the standards into their safety inspection requirements: safety inspection, static inspection, and dynamic testing.
※ Safety inspection of indoor fitness equipment
Safety inspections include external structural inspections, safety mechanisms, and antilock mechanisms. The inspection of external structures mainly includes: (1) Shear points and pull-in points that endanger the safety of the user, (2) Prevention of penetrating points of hands and feet, (3) Protection of sharp edges and corners, (4) Temperature rise Tests, (5) Safety checks for accumulated weights and other five parts. Almost all fitness equipment in the three parts (1), (2) and (3) must be included in the inspection. The pull-in point test is often checked using some test finger or test foot. This part must refer to the test finger specifications of EN 71 and EN 292.
The temperature rise test is commonly used in aerobic fitness equipment such as exercise bikes and treadmills. On some fitness equipment, the maximum temperature at which the user can contact the surface is measured during the endurance test. Safety tests for cumulative weight are usually used on muscle/strength training equipment, and the placement of these weights and their cumulative weight height also have certain safety considerations.
Safety mechanisms and anti-locking mechanisms are often used for safety inspections of muscle/strength training equipment, and there are strict requirements in safety agencies, especially for emergency stop devices, such as emergency stop switches for treadmills and emergency detachment measures.
※ Static testing of indoor fitness equipment
Static detection can be divided into three parts: overall structural load test, overall structural stability test, and detection of important components. The overall structural load test can be divided into two parts: internal load test and external load test. The internal load test is used to simulate the load on the device structure when the user normally uses the training equipment. The external load test considers the load that may be imposed on the training equipment. Sometimes this test is only expressed as a static load in the standard. The overall structural load test may have different requirements depending on the type of use of the H or S class.
The internal malleolus load test is often performed at multiples of the body weight (100 kg), acting on the most frequently applied position under normal conditions of use, and measuring the amount of elastic deformation or permanent deformation. For the cantilever beam type, the deformation must not exceed 1/150 of the length of the cantilever beam, and the force of other types must not exceed 1/100 of its length. The external load test is based on the multiple of the maximum load (or other calculation method) marked by the manufacturer. It acts on the position where the force or the bending moment is greatest, measures the deformation or observes whether there is any damage.
The stability of the overall structure is usually based on actual measurements in the human body. The purpose is to test whether the training equipment can cause structural instability (dump or overturn) in the direction of motion or other directions provided by the equipment under normal use. Stability tests are common on some aerobic training equipment. If the equipment provides a means to adjust the structure, it must be tested in extreme conditions. For example, the structural stability test of a treadmill is a 100 kg tester who tests at a speed of 8 to 10 kilometers per hour, between +/- 10 degrees in the direction of motion and 5 degrees in the direction of non-movement. If the height of the treadmill is adjustable, test its adjustable maximum height and minimum height.
The important components commonly found in muscle/strength training equipment include pulleys/rope sets, ropes, ropes and belts, barbells, grips, pedals, etc. The important components commonly found in aerobic training equipment are: Vertical rods, grips, flywheels, freewheels, seat/vertical rod sets, foot pedals, or foot platforms. In some load-bearing main components, there are different safety requirements for Class H and Class S equipment. In EN 957, these components, which directly or indirectly endure the user's load, are specifically designed to enhance their safety according to different training devices. Some of these special requirements, such as ropes, belts, and chains, are designed to prevent breakage and should have a safety factor of six times the maximum possible tensile strength.
※ Dynamic test of indoor fitness equipment
Fitness equipment dynamic testing includes durability testing and additional requirements for different levels of accuracy. Durability testing mainly simulates the durability of various equipment in use. Almost every test method differs greatly depending on the function of the device. Durability testing may often have different test requirements for the use category (H and S). The additional requirements for different levels of precision are mainly based on the degree of precision required for the equipment (according to class A, class B, class C).
Fitness equipment with durability testing requirements includes: strength training equipment, treadmills, rowing machines, steppers, and elliptical machines. In addition to strength training equipment, endurance testing of equipment has different requirements depending on the type of use. The number of test times for home-use type fitness equipment is usually 12,000, and that for commercial type is 100,000. The test load and test method are quite different because of different models. For example, steppers and ellipticals are very close to one another. The biggest difference is the difference between the test paths (moving paths). The elliptical machine's motion path is an elliptical path. The stepper is basically a circular path. This difference causes the design of the test equipment to be different.
Fitness equipment is based on the generation of resistance. There are different speed-independent training equipment and speed-related training equipment. Test methods also need to be adjusted. Speed-independent training equipment is usually tested at a fixed speed under a certain rated load (resistance or power). Speed-related training equipment is tested with a fixed load (based on the braking power provided by the fitness equipment to determine the test load).
All aerobic fitness equipment (EN957-5 ~ EN957-9) have additional requirements for different accuracy categories. For rowing machines, steppers, ladders, mountain climbers, and ellipticals, the additional requirements for the different types of precision are very similar. They are mainly specified for Class A ratings. Compare the error between test power input and equipment power display value. The error between the measured value and the displayed value of the device during the test shall be within +/- 10% (if the measured value is below 50W, the error shall be within +/- 5W). The measured value of the goods should have an average of at least 10 minutes of test time. Measuring equipment must have +/-1% accuracy. At the same time, the manufacturer should explain in the user manual how the input power calculates the power display value.
Treadmill classification requirements include A/B/C requirements, test basis, measurement equipment accuracy, and electric/non-motorized treadmills. A complete definition is given. Refer to Table 1 of EN957-6 for details. In particular, the exercise bike does not have the requirement for endurance testing. However, it is the most rigorous in the requirements of different accuracy categories and the most tested items. There are different types of brake torque tests, long-term load variability tests, intermittent tests, and power tests.
In this introduction, we hope to help readers obtain a complete concept on the subject of indoor fitness equipment safety requirements and inspection and testing, and therefore deliberately omitted many details. The expectation can be used as the basis for further in-depth study of indoor fitness equipment. There may be omissions in the text, and we hope that the advanced industry will not be instructed.
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