The history of the development of the culture medium The initial cell culture is the use of natural culture medium, that is, tissue extracts and body fluids, such as: chicken embryo leachate, serum, lymph fluid, etc. With the continuous increase of cell lines, the culture medium is more stable in quality Demand is also constantly increasing, resulting in a medium with a clear chemical composition, which is generated through the analysis of body fluid components and nutritional biochemistry research. Eagle's Basal Medium [Eagle, 1955] to use the subsequent Eagle's Minimal Es-sential Medium (MEM) [Eagle.1959] has become a widely used synthetic medium, they can be added with various supplementary ingredients, such as: bovine serum, human serum, horse serum, protein hydrolysate and embryo extract. With the emergence of multiple continuous cell lines (L929, Hela, etc.), various synthetic media have become the best choice for the cultivation of most cells. There have been several successes in the development of synthetic media: they can replace serum; Prepare the most suitable medium for cell types (for example: RPMI1640 is suitable for lymphoblastoid lines); modify the medium according to special conditions (for example: Leibovitz L15 does not require the addition of CO2 and NaHCO3 [Leibovitz, 1963]). And the propagation of a particular type of cell may require a selective serum-free medium; and the cell culture in order to obtain the product (e.g. using the cell as a host for virus propagation, or using the cell for non-cell specific molecules Biological research) mainly relies on Eagle's MEM [Eagle1959] supplemented with serum and Dulbecco's modified DMEM [Dulbecco and Freerman, 1959] or more commonly used RPMI1640 [Moore et al., 1967]. However, many industrial production technologies The serum-free medium is now used, which is beneficial to the downstream processing of the product and can reduce foreign pollution. In many laboratories, a compromise method is also popular: a medium with a complex composition (such as Ham's F12 (Ham , 1965]) mixed with a medium with a high content of amino acids and vitamins (for example: DMEM). This medium is not conducive to purification of products, but it can produce many aspects of promotion for primary culture and cell line reproduction effect.
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