According to a report by the American Physicists Organization Network on February 23, physicists at the National Institute of Standards for the first time established a direct kinematic coupling between two separated charged atoms (ions), enabling single quantum energy exchange between atoms . This technology simplifies the information processing process and can be used in future quantum computers, simulation technologies, and quantum networks. Related research was published in the journal Nature on February 23.
The researchers explained that they let two beryllium ions oscillate in an electromagnetic potential well for energy exchange. This exchange takes place in the smallest energy unit, quantum. This means that the ions are "coupled" together, exhibiting "harmonious oscillations" like pendulums and tuning forks in the macroscopic world, making repeated movements back and forth.
The experiment used a single-layer ion trap and immersed it in a liquid helium bath to cool to minus 269 degrees Celsius. The ions are separated by 40 microns and float on the surface of the potential well. Tiny electrodes are installed on the surface of the potential well to bring the two ions closer together in order to produce a stronger coupling effect. The ultra-low temperature can suppress heat and avoid disturbing ion behavior. The researchers placed oscillation pulses on the potential well to detect the frequency of beryllium ions.
The researchers also used laser cooling to weaken the movement of the two ions, and then used two reverse ultraviolet laser beams to further cool one ion to a stationary state and adjust the voltage between the potential well electrodes to start the coupling effect. It has been measured that the energy exchange of ions has only a few quantums per 155 microseconds, and the frequency is lower when a single quantum exchange is reached, with an interval of 218 microseconds. In theory, this energy exchange process between ions can continue until it is interrupted by heat.
"First, one ion vibrates slightly while the other is stationary, and then the vibration is transferred to another ion. The energy movement between them is the smallest unit of energy." The first author of the paper, Canton, a postdoctoral researcher at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Brown said, "We can adjust the coupling effect, affect the speed and degree of energy exchange, and also control the start or end of the coupling effect." Use the electrode voltage to adjust the frequency of the two ions so that they are closer together, the coupling effect it has started. When the frequencies of the two ions are closest, the coupling effect is strongest. Due to the electrostatic interaction between positively charged ions, they tend to repel each other. The coupling gives each ion a characteristic frequency of two electrons.
In the future quantum computer, the above technology can be used to solve the complex problems of quantum systems and crack the most widely used data encryption codes today. The direct coupling of ions at different positions can simplify logic operations and help correct errors in the operation process. The technology may also be used in quantum simulations to explain the mechanism of complex quantum systems such as high-temperature superconductivity.
The researchers also pointed out that similar quantum exchange effects can be used to connect different types of quantum systems, such as ions and photons, to transfer information in future quantum networks, such as ions in potential wells can be in superconducting qubits (kunbits) Between the photon bit and the "quantum converter".
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