Main factors influencing the preparation of highly potent and specific antiserum
1. Relevant properties of the antigen itself: the ability of the antigen to stimulate immunized animals to produce antibodies, whether to use adjuvant, injection route and injection interval time, etc.
2. Antigen must be purified: For the antigen used for immunization, the composition must be uniform. In addition to the antigen substance used as the immunogen, it must not contain substances that can stimulate the body to produce other antibodies. When preparing virus antiserum, the host protein component must be removed; if this material is a complex infection of different viruses, these different viruses must also be separated one by one. Only when a purified antigen with a certain concentration is prepared can a highly effective professional antiserum be prepared.
3. Antigens and immunized animals must be easy to source: although there is isolation and restraint in the animal body, it becomes an autoimmunogen, thereby causing autoimmune diseases. But most of the proteins and nucleic acids in the body cannot stimulate themselves to produce antibodies. Under normal circumstances, the closer the species differences are, the weaker the antigen substance's ability to produce the corresponding antibodies, and the stronger the converse. Obviously, after the antibody obtained from the immunized rabbit, when preparing the second antibody, the immunoglobulin extracted from the rabbit antiserum cannot be used as an antigen to inject another rabbit, but should be injected with sheep and donkey Or horses and other distantly related species.
4. Antigen molecules must have a certain molecular weight and structure: as a protein antigen, the molecular weight should generally not be lower than 10,000, but for some molecules, the situation is more special. N-acetyl-L tyrosine with a molecular weight of only 451 can be used to immunize guinea pigs. Antibodies are produced. Although the molecular weight of keratin and insoluble fibrin is far greater than 10,000, it cannot stimulate the body to produce antibodies. From the overall situation, the smaller the molecular weight, the easier it is to be excluded after entering the body. In addition, the immunogenicity of the antigen also depends on the properties of certain chemical groups (ie, epitopes) on the surface of the antigen molecule, such as number, charge, optical configuration, and spatial conformation, and the specific structure of the epitope is related to the entire The three-dimensional structure of proteins is closely related. The immunogenicity of the complete structure of the virions, the viral coat protein and the viral white subunit monomers are different from each other.
5. When preparing antiserum, the most important thing is to pay attention to the purification of antigen. Otherwise, the prepared antiserum will be difficult to use in immunoenzyme technology.
The above article was collated and published by Shanghai Yanjin Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Shanghai Yanjin Biotechnology Co., Ltd. specializes in selling ELISA kits of various brands. Serving universities and immunology research units. Quality assurance and perfect after-sales service. And can be free to detect, better service for you.
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