Abstract: Glass bottles with ABS plastic caps contain phosphonate chemicals containing acid fluoride. There are bottle caps and bottle heads that are broken and product leakage. The fundamental reason is that the phosphazene chemicals are incompatible with the packaging materials. In this regard, it is proposed that the bottleneck and gasket material must be re-selected through compatibility tests, the aging of the material should be noted, the quality of the glass bottle should be improved, and the tightening torque should be unified.
Keywords: glass bottles; packaging; ABS caps; plastics; leakage; reasons; improvements
10 years ago, in response to a chemical product packaging demand, the author participated in the development of a glass bottle packaging market. The bottle is 50mL. I, type screw glass medicine bottle, bottle cap material is ABS engineering plastic, the bottle cap has double gasket, the surface is 0.2mm thick PTFE gasket, the inner layer is 2mm thick butyl rubber gasket. Recently, customers have successively reported that the packaging has leaked. After visiting the customers, it was found that more than 50% of the packaging had the phenomenon of swelling, cracking, or looseness of the bottle cap. A few bottle mouths showed signs of corrosion, and only a few were intact. Due to toxic products, there are hidden safety problems in packaging leakage. At the request of customers, all packaged products are recovered and dealt with. This causes significant economic losses to the company and adversely affects the reputation of the company.
The chemical products themselves are of good quality, and they are welcomed by customers on the market. They did not expect small things in packaging to cause major problems and the lessons were painful. Summarizing the experience and lessons, apart from not paying enough attention to packaging at the beginning, there are other deep-seated reasons, summarized as follows.
l Analysis of Leakage of Glass Bottles
According to the nature of chemical products, combined with the problems and phenomena existing in packaging, the analysis found that the problems with packaging containers were caused by the following reasons:
1) Bottle cap. ABS plastics are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking and aging. ABS plastics are susceptible to cracking due to stress corrosion. Due to tightening the seals, the caps are stressed. As a result, the olefin gas is decomposed and the stress on the caps is increased. As a result, the ABS plastic caps are broken. ABS plastic aging easy _] l, ~ life of 8 ~ l0 years, in the stress and chemical medium environment shorter life, due to the storage of some products more than l0 years, its mechanical strength, is also an important reason for the occurrence of cap rupture.
2) There are incompatibility issues between packaging containers and chemical products. The chemical product is a phosphorus ester containing acid fluoride, and the nature of the product is unstable. A dealkylation reaction occurs during storage to form an olefin gas, which causes a certain pressure in the bottle and causes the cap to loosen or break. Once the cap is loose or broken and the seal is not tight, on the one hand, the cap directly contacts the product vapor and its decomposition product, olefin gas, and swells. On the other hand, the water vapor enters, causing the product to hydrolyze and generate hydrofluoric acid. The glass is corrosive, the concentration of hydrofluoric acid is high at the mouth of the bottle, and corrosion of the bottle mouth is obvious. This is the main reason for packaging problems.
3) The cap tightening torque is not uniform. The bottle cap has only one sealing surface with the glass bottle mouth. Composite gaskets made of Teflon and butyl rubber sheets are hard and must be tightly tightened to ensure the seal between the bottle cap and the bottle mouth. Due to the manual operation of the product packaging, the tightening torques of different people are not uniform, resulting in incomplete sealing effects.
4) There are quality problems with glass bottles. Glass bottles are controlled bottles, semi-machined and semi-manually processed. Affected by human factors, the homogeneity is poor. Some bottle head threads have large differences, and the bottle caps are not well-matched, and the double-layer gaskets are prone to displacement and misalignment. Even under the same tightening torque, there is a problem of poor sealing.
2 Suggestions and Experiences of Improved Packaging
Packaging leakage occurred, there are the following suggestions and experience:
1) The packaging must be given high priority. Packaging is a part of the product. It is a means for the product to be put on the market. It is a good package. Under the premise of satisfying customers' use, it can add beauty to the appearance and stimulate the desire of the customer to purchase. Foreign countries attach great importance to the packaging of products, and some products even exceed the value of the product itself. Many enterprises in China do not attach importance to product packaging, resulting in product prices that do not go up and exports are difficult. Since the cost of not paying attention to packaging is too great, we hope it will be a lesson.
2) The tightening torque should be tightened uniformly between the glass bottle and the plastic bottle cap. The hardness and strength of glass bottles and plastic bottle caps are not the same, the torque is too small and the sealing effect is poor, and too large torque may cause the tripping sealing effect to be unfavorable. Only the moderate moment can guarantee the sealing effect. Conditional. Special tool seals with torque can be designed and manufactured; unconditionally, the same person is fully tightened.
3) Product packaging must be tested for material compatibility. Whether or not the product is compatible with the packaging container material is the key to determining the suitability of the packaging container. The packaging container material must be selected through compatibility tests. Containers, gaskets, and caps that may come in direct contact with the product must be selected through compatibility tests. Some products are judged by experience to be compatible with the packaging container material, but are incompatible in the event of an accident. For example, the above-mentioned phosphate esters, which are reported in the literature and theoretically analyzed, are compatible with glass, but when water vapor enters tightly in the sealed package, the product will be hydrolyzed to generate hydrofluoric acid corrosion glass. Therefore, when selecting packaging materials, compatibility tests must be conducted under extreme conditions and absolutely cannot be used empirically. In addition, the gasket is a key part of the package seal, and its material must have a certain degree of flexibility. For chemical products with strong corrosive properties, it is more appropriate to choose extruded PTFE with good elasticity for the thread seal material.
4) The aging of the plastic should be taken into consideration when the glass bottle and the plastic bottle cap are mated. Glass does not have aging problems, but plastics have aging problems, and their life spans are inconsistent. Even if the plastic is not subject to stress and corrosion, static placement, there is also aging, under the stress and corrosion, life expectancy is greatly reduced. If you choose to make plastic caps, you must do an aging test and choose a material that has a much longer life than the product's shelf life.
5) The quality of glass bottles must be guaranteed. Glass bottles are divided into control bottles and molded bottles. As the name implies, they are divided according to processing methods. Molded bottles, due to the use of mold making, are relatively standard, and it is best to choose molded bottles for processing glass bottles. However, if the order quantity is small, the mold bottle companies are reluctant to process, and companies that choose to control bottles must select purely mechanical processing companies and pay attention to the acceptance check. In any case, glass bottles must never be handmade bottles.
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